Njengoba izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) ziqhubeka nokushintsha indawo yezokuthutha yomhlaba wonke, ulwazi lokushaja olungenamthungo nolunembile lubalulekile ekukhuthazeni abantu abaningi ukuthi basebenzise ama-EV. Ukufinyelela eziteshini zokushaja eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuhamba ngamanethiwekhi amaningi okushaja, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhokha ezingaguquki kungaba yinto evimbela abanikazi be-EV abangaba khona noma ekhungathekisa labo asebeshintshele ekuhambeni kwe-EV. I-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) iyeza futhi izoguqula uhlelo lokushaja lwe-EV. I-OCPP yakhelwe ukwenza lula ukuxhumana phakathi kweziteshi zokushaja ze-EV nezinhlelo zokuphatha, ukuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka, ukusebenzisana, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi yokushaja eqinile nelula ukuyisebenzisa.
Iyini i-OCPP - Iphrothokholi Yezindawo Zokushaja Ezivulekile?
I-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) iyiphrothokholi yohlelo lokusebenza yokuxhumana phakathi kweziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi (EV) (ezaziwa nangokuthi izindawo zokushaja ze-EV) kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukushaja ze-EV (ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-CMS). Empeleni, i-OCPP isebenza “njengolimi” oluvamile kanye nesiteshi esivumela ukuxhumana okungenamthungo phakathi kwalaba badlali ababili ababalulekile ohlelweni lokushaja lwe-EV.
I-OCPP yasungulwa ekuqaleni ngo-2009 ukuze ivumelane nokusebenzisana phakathi kwamashaja e-EV nezinhlelo zokuphatha. Naphezu kokuba khona kwezinqubo ezizimele, i-OCPP ivelele njengeplatifomu evulekile ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuvuleleka kunikeza abasebenzisi beziteshi zokushaja ukuguquguquka kokuxhuma noma iyiphi inethiwekhi kunoma yisiphi isiteshi sokushaja, okukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukuncintisana, kanye nokufinyeleleka embonini yokushaja kwe-EV.
Izinzuzo ze-OCPP
1. Ukunikeza ukuguquguquka nokuvikeleka kubanikazi beziteshi zokushaja
I-OCPP iqinisekisa ukuthi abanikazi beziteshi zokushaja bangashintsha abaqhubi benethiwekhi njengoba kudingeka, ngaleyo ndlela bavikele ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo futhi bavimbele ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwempahla. Uma umenzi weziteshi zokushaja ephuma emakethe, abanikazi bangathuthela kwenye inethiwekhi ehambisana ne-OCPP ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza. Lokhu kukhetha okuvulekile kukhuthaza ukuncintisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi nabahlinzeki benethiwekhi, okunciphisa izindleko, kuthuthukise isevisi, futhi kukhuthaze ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Ngenxa yalokho,Ukushaja kwe-EV ingqalasizinda ikhule ngokushesha, inikeza abashayeli bezimoto zikagesi izinketho ezengeziwe zokushaja.
2. Ivumela ukuxhumana okubanzi phakathi kweziteshi zokushaja kanye nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zegridi ngendlela engabizi kakhulu (njengokuphendula kwesidingo).
Ukushintshela esimweni sokukhishwa kwegesi okungenayo i-net-zero ngo-2050 kuzoletha ukwanda kwesidingo sikagesi, okubangelwa kakhulu ukufakwa kukagesi kwezokuthutha, ukufudumeza ikhaya, kanye nezinye izimboni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusabalalisa kabanzi kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga nomoya, okukhiqizwa kwawo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sezulu nesikhathi sosuku, kubeke nengcindezi eyengeziwe kugridi. Lezi zinguquko eziguquguqukayo zibeka izinselele ekuzinzeni kwegridi kanye nokuthembeka, okwenza izinsizakusebenza zifune izixazululo ezintsha njengezinhlelo zokuphendula isidingo.
Kuyini impendulo yesidingo?
Impendulo yesidingo ihilela ukulinganisela isidingo segridi ngokukhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshele ukusetshenziswa kwabo kukagesi emahoreni angewona awokuqala lapho amandla eningi kakhulu noma isidingo sincane.
Lokhu kuvame ukufezwa ngezikhuthazo zamanani noma eminye imivuzo yezezimali. Impendulo yesidingo, ehlanganiswe namagridi ahlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuguquguquka kwegridi, ukunciphisa umthelela wamandla avuselelekayo ahlukahlukene, nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwegridi ngesikhathi samahora omthwalo omkhulu.
Indima ye-OCPP ekuphenduleni kwesidingo
Ukuze izinhlelo zokuphendula isidingo ziphumelele, ukuxhumana okungenamthungo phakathi kwamashaja nezinsizakusebenza kubalulekile. Amashaja kumele akwazi ukulungisa noma ukumisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo kukagesi ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe ekudingweni kwegridi. I-OCPP isebenzisa iziteshi ezisunguliwe zokuxhumana phakathi kwamashaja nesofthiwe yokuphatha ukuze kube lula lokhu kuxhumana.
Izinzuzo Zokuphendula Isidingo Se-OCPP
· Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko: Ngokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana ekhona, i-OCPP inciphisa izindleko ezengeziwe ezihlobene nokuhlanganisa amashaja ezinhlelweni zokuphendula isidingo.
· Ukuguquguquka okuthuthukisiwe: Amashaja ahambisana ne-OCPP avumela abaqhubi ukuthi bahlanganyele ngempumelelo ezinhlelweni zokuphathwa kwegridi futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi kanye nesidingo kuyalingana.
· Ingqalasizinda evikela ikusasa: Uma ihlanganiswe ne-OCPP, amanethiwekhi okushaja angazivumelanisa nesimo samandla esishintshayo futhi asekele imizamo yokuthuthukisa igridi ebanzi.
Ngokuhlanganisa amakhono okuphendula isidingo nge-OCPP, opharetha abakwazi nje ukufaka isandla ekuzinzeni kwegridi, kodwa futhi bathuthukise inani lamanethiwekhi abo okushaja ohlelweni lwamandla oluzinzile.
3. Khulisa ukwamukelwa kwe-EV ngokufinyelela okuhlangene kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi okulula
Ukushaja okungenazihibe nokulula kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni abantu abaningi ukuthi basebenzise izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV). Ukufinyelela okuyinkimbinkimbi kweshaja, ukuzulazula kwamanethiwekhi amaningi okushaja, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhokha ezingaguquki kungabadumaza abanikazi be-EV abangaba khona noma kubakhungathekise labo asebeshintshele ekuhambeni kwe-EV.
Isitifiketi se-OCPP sibhekana nalezi zinselele ngokusungula isethi yezinqubo ezijwayelekile ezithuthukisa ukuvumelana kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwamanethiwekhi okushaja. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthiamashaja Uma ihlangabezana nalezi zindinganiso, i-OCPP inganciphisa izithiyo zokungena futhi ikhuthaze ulwazi lomsebenzisi oluhlangene, okwenza ukushaja kwe-EV kube lula kakhulu.
Ezinye izinto zokwenza umsebenzisi ahlale enolwazi oluhambisanayo olugcinwa yisitifiketi se-OCPP zifaka:
1. Indlela abashayeli abaqala ngayo ukushaja
2. Indlela abashayeli abakhokha ngayo ukushaja
3. Ukufinyelela kumashaja avela kumanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa noma iphrofayili yokukhokha
4. Ukukhokhisa okujwayelekile kumanethiwekhi ahlukene okukhokhisa
Isithombe Esikhulu: Ukusekela Ukwamukelwa Kwezimoto Zombane
Ngokunciphisa amaphuzu okungqubuzana enkambisweni yokushaja, i-OCPP idala uhlelo lwemvelo olwenza ukushayela kube lula kakhudlwana. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabanikazi be-EV abakhona, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa abathengi abangaba khona ukuthi ukuba ne-EV kuyasebenza futhi kulula. Ingqalasizinda yokushaja ehlanganisiwe yakha ukwethembana futhi ikhuthaza ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwe-EV, okubalulekile ekusheshiseni ukushintshela ekuthuthweni okusimeme.
Ekugcineni, amashaja aqinisekiswe yi-OCPP adlala indima ebalulekile ekudaleni inethiwekhi yokushaja ehlangene negxile kubasebenzisi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abashayeli bazizwa beqiniseka futhi besekelwa njengoba besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-EV.
Isebenza kanjani i-OCPP?
Esigabeni esidlule, sifunde ukuthi i-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) inikeza ikhambi elihlanganisiwe lendlela yokuxhumana phakathi kweziteshi zokushaja nanoma yiluphi uhlelo oluphakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthengisi ungubani.
I-OCPP iyindlela yokuxhumana phakathiIziteshi zokushaja ze-EVkanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukushaja kwe-EV. Isigaba esilandelayo sichaza ukuthi i-OCPP isiza kanjani la maqembu amabili ahlukene ohlelweni lokushaja kwe-EV ukuthi axhumane, nokuthi yimiphi eminye imisebenzi enayo ngaphezu kokuxhumana.
1. Ukushintshana Imiyalezo
I-OCPP ivumela iziteshi zokushaja kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukushintshana imiyalezo mayelana nesimo samanje sesiteshi sokushaja.
Isibonelo, imiyalezo ingafaka:
· Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ishaja iyatholakala, iyasebenza, noma idinga ukulungiswa
· Uma inqubo yokushaja iqala noma ima
· Imitha yesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwamanje noma yokuhlala
· Ulwazi lokuxilonga isiteshi sokushaja
2. Ukuqapha Okukude
Abaqhubi bezindawo zokushaja bangasebenzisa i-OCPP ukuqapha iziteshi zabo zokushaja bekude.
3. Ukugunyazwa
Abaqhubi bezindawo zokushaja bangasebenzisa i-OCPP ukugunyaza ukufinyelela eziteshini zokushaja.
4. Isibuyekezo se-Firmware
Uhlelo lokuphatha lungathumela isicelo sokubuyekeza i-firmware esiteshini sokushaja, esingaqinisekisa futhi senze isibuyekezo.
5. Ukukhokha kanye Nokukhokhisa
Abaqhubi bezindawo zokushaja bangasebenzisa i-OCPP ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo ezahlukene zokukhokha nezokukhokha.
6. Ukushaja Okuhlakaniphile
I-OCPP isekela izici zokushaja ezihlakaniphile njengokulinganisela umthwalo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwephrofayili yokushaja.
7. Uhlelo Lokuphendula Isidingo
I-OCPP ivumela amashaja ukuthi axhumane nezinhlelo zegridi noma zezinsiza, okusiza ukulawula isidingo sikagesi.
Isingeniso ezinguqulweni ze-OCPP ezikhona emakethe
Ngo-2010, i-Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2 yakhishwa, kanti i-OCPP 1.5 yakhishwa ngo-2013. Lezi zinguqulo zokuqala azisagcinwa yi-OCA, ngakho sethula izinguqulo ezilandelayo, okuyi-OCPP 1.6 eyakhishwa ngo-2015 kanye ne-OCPP 2.0.1 eyakhishwa ngo-2020. I-OCPP 2.1 kanye ne-OCPP 2.0.1 ziyahambisana emuva. I-OCPP 2.1 kulindeleke ukuthi ikhishwe kwikota yokuqala ka-2025.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokusetshenziswa kwe-OCPP
I-SOAP: I-Simple Object Access Protocol (i-SOAP) iyiphrothokholi esekelwe emyalezweni esebenzisa i-XML ukumela idatha. I-SOAP iwuhlaka oluvumela imiyalezo ukuthi ithunyelwe phakathi kwezingxenye eziku-inthanethi. Inzuzo ye-SOAP ukuthi indinganiso ihlanganisa imisebenzi yokuthumela nokwamukela imiyalezo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuyisebenzisa ngokushesha.
I-JSON: I-JavaScript Object Notation iyifomethi yokushintshana kwedatha elula okulula ukuyifunda nokubhala kubantu, futhi kulula ngemishini ukuyihlaziya nokuyikhiqiza. Kulula ukuyifunda nokubhala kune-XML. Isekelwe kusethi encane ye-JavaScript.
I-OCPP1.6
I-OCPP 1.6 yakhela phezu kwe-OCPP 1.5, ihlanganisa iminyaka yolwazi olusebenzayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphumelelayo emhlabeni jikelele. Selokhu yethulwa ngo-2012, i-OCPP 1.5 isetshenziswe kabanzi ngabaphakeli kanye nezinsizakalo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngalesi sisekelo,I-OCPP 1.6 yethula izithuthukisi eziningana ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa amakhono okushaja okuhlakaniphile kanye nokusekelwa kwe-JSON kanye ne-SOAP nge-WebSocket.
Le nguqulo ihlanganisa nokuthuthukiswa okuningana, njengokubhala okucacile kanye nezibuyekezo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemikhiqizo yabathengisi abahlukene. Izici ezintsha ezinkulu zifaka phakathi amakhono okuxilonga anwetshiwe (njengamakhodi esizathu), isimo esengeziwe sendawo yokushaja, kanye namakhono e-TriggerMessage, konke okuklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zemakethe.
I-OCPP 1.6 igcina ukusebenza okuyinhloko kwenguqulo yangaphambilini futhi yethula izibuyekezo eziningi kanye nokulungiswa kwezinkinga ezingaziwa ezenza ingahambisani ne-OCPP 1.5. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuhloswe ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezingcono kubaqhubi beziteshi zokushaja (ama-CPO) kanye nesipiliyoni esingcono kubashayeli bezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni jikelele.
Izici ze-OCPP 1.6 zifaka:
· I-OCPP 1.5
· Izinguqulo ze-SOAP ne-JSON
· Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile kusekela ukulinganisela umthwalo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaphrofayili okushaja
· Usekelo lokuphathwa kohlu (lwendawo)
· Izimo ezengeziwe: Zengeza izimo ezengeziwe ekubalweni kwesimo sephoyinti lokushaja ukuze kunikezwe ama-CPO nabasebenzisi bokugcina ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nesimo samanje sephoyinti lokushaja
· Izicelo zokuthumela imiyalezo, njengesikhathi se-CP noma isimo se-CP
· Ukuthuthukiswa okuncane kwencazelo (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-OCPP 1.5)
I-OCPP 2.0.1
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-OCPP 1.6, i-OCPP 2.0.1 iletha izici ezithuthukisiwe kanye namakhono amasha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenza i-OCPP 2.0.1 ingahambisani nezinguqulo zangaphambilini (isb. i-OCPP 1.6 kanye ne-OCPP 1.5).
Izici Ezintsha OCPP 2.0.1 vs. OCPP 1.6
1. Isici Sokuphathwa Kwedivayisi (esaziwa nangokuthi Imodeli Yedivayisi) sisetshenziselwa ukuthola nokusetha ukucushwa nokuqapha iziteshi zokushaja.
Ukuphathwa Kwedivayisi (okwaziwa nangokuthi iModeli Yedivayisi) kuyisici esilindelwe isikhathi eside, esamukelwa kakhulu yi-CSO ephethe amanethiwekhi (ayinkimbinkimbi) eziteshi zokushaja (kubathengisi abahlukene).
Inikeza izici ezilandelayo:
• Ukubika ngempahla egciniwe
• Ukubikwa kwamaphutha nesimo okuthuthukisiwe
• Ukucushwa okuthuthukisiwe
• Ukuqapha okungenziwa ngezifiso
Konke lokhu kusiza ama-CSO ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza kwenethiwekhi yesiteshi sokushaja.
Abakhiqizi beziteshi zokushajabakhululekile ukunquma ukuthi bangashicilela ulwazi oluningilizayo mayelana neziteshi zabo zokushaja
Ukuphathwa Kwedivayisi: isibonelo, banganquma ukuthi yini engaqashwa nokuthi yini engenakuqashwa.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphatha kangcono ukuthengiselana okukhulu
• Umlayezo owodwa uhlanganisa yonke imisebenzi ehlobene nokuthengiselana
• Ukunciphisa idatha
I-OCPP 1.6 yethule ukuthuthwa kwe-JSON okusekelwe kuma-Websockets, okunganciphisa kakhulu ithrafikhi yedatha yeselula. I-OCPP 2.0 yethule ukwesekwa kokucindezelwa kwe-WebSocket, okunciphisa kakhulu inani ledatha.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha kwe-inthanethi
Kufakwe intuthuko elandelayo ukuqinisa ikhono le-OCPP lokumelana nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber:
• Amaphrofayili okuphepha (amazinga ama-3) esiteshi sokushaja kanye/noma ukuqinisekiswa kwe-CSMS kanye nokuphepha kokuxhumana
• Ukuphathwa kwezihluthulelo zezitifiketi zamakhasimende
• Izibuyekezo ze-firmware ezivikelekile
• Amalogi emicimbi yokuphepha
4. Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile okunwetshiwe
Ku-OCPP 2.0.1, ukusebenza kokushaja okuhlakaniphile kunwetshiwe (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-OCPP 1.6) ukuze kusekelwe:
• Qondisa okokufaka kokushaja okuhlakaniphile kusuka ohlelweni lokuphatha amandla (i-EMS) kuya esiteshini sokushaja
• Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile okuthuthukisiwe ngabalawuli bendawo
• Usekelo lokushaja okuhlakaniphile okuhlanganisiwe kwe-CSMS,iziteshi zokushajakanye nezimoto zikagesi.
5. Sekela i-ISO 15118
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-IEC 61851, indinganiso ye-ISO 15118 iyiphrothokholi entsha yokuxhumana kwe-EVSE kuya ku-EV. I-ISO 15118 ivumela izici eziningi ezintsha kanye nokuxhumana okuphephile phakathi kwe-EVSE ne-EV. I-OCPP 2.0.1 isekela indinganiso ye-ISO 15118, futhi izici ezintsha zifaka:
• Iplagi bese ushaja
• Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile, okuhlanganisa nokufaka okuvela emotweni kagesi
6. Thuthukisa ulwazi lwamakhasimende
• Izinketho ezengeziwe zokugunyazwa
• Bonisa imiyalezo
• Ulimi olukhethwa ngumshayeli we-EV
• Izindleko kanye nezimali
7. Iphrothokholi yezokuthutha: Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-OCPP-J
• Ukuhambisa imiyalezo okulula
• Akukho ukwesekwa kwe-SOAP
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-21-2025