Iyini i-OCPP futhi kungani ibalulekile?

Njengoba izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) ziqhubeka nokushintsha isimo sezokuthutha emhlabeni wonke, ukuzizwisa ukushaja okungenazihibe nokunembile kubalulekile ukuze kugqugquzelwe abantu abaningi ukuthi basebenzise ama-EV. Ukufinyelela esiteshini sokushaja okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuzulazula kumanethiwekhi amaningi okushaja, nezinhlelo zokukhokha ezingaguquki kungaba yisithiyo kubanikazi abangaba be-EV noma kukhungathekise labo asebevele sebeshintshele ekuhambeni kwe-EV. I-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) iyeza futhi izoshintsha i-EV charger ecosystem. I-OCPP yakhelwe ukwenza lula ukuxhumana phakathi kweziteshi zokushaja ze-EV nezinhlelo zokuphatha, iqinisekise ukuguquguquka, ukusebenzisana, nokusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi yokushaja eqinile nesebenziseka kalula.

Iyini i-OCPP - Open Charge Point Protocol?

I-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) iyiphrothokholi yesicelo sokuxhumana phakathi kweziteshi zokushaja zemoto kagesi (EV) (ezaziwa nangokuthi yizindawo zokushaja ze-EV) kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha zokushaja ze-EV (ezivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi i-CMS). Empeleni, i-OCPP isebenza “njengolimi” oluvamile kanye nesiteshi esivumela ukuxhumana okungenazihibe phakathi kwalaba badlali ababili ababalulekile ku-EV yokushaja i-ecosystem.

I-OCPP yasungulwa ngo-2009 ukuze kumiswe ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamashaja e-EV namasistimu okuphatha. Ngaphandle kokuba khona kwezivumelwano zobunikazi, i-OCPP igqama njengenkundla evuleke ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuvuleka kunikeza abasebenzisi besiteshi sokushaja ukuguquguquka kokuxhuma noma iyiphi inethiwekhi kunoma yisiphi isiteshi sokushaja, ukukhuthaza ukuqamba okusha, ukuncintisana, kanye nokufinyeleleka embonini yokushaja ye-EV.
                                                                 

Izinzuzo ze-OCPP

1. Ukunikeza ukuguquguquka nokuvikeleka kubanikazi beziteshi ezishajayo

I-OCPP iqinisekisa ukuthi abanikazi beziteshi ezishajayo bangashintsha opharetha benethiwekhi njengoba kudingeka, ngaleyo ndlela bavikele utshalomali lwabo futhi bavimbele ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwempahla. Uma umkhiqizi wesiteshi sokushaja ephuma emakethe, abanikazi bangathuthela kwenye inethiwekhi ethobela i-OCPP ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza. Lokhu kukhetha okuvulekile kukhuthaza ukuncintisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi nabahlinzeki benethiwekhi, okunciphisa izindleko, okuthuthukisa isevisi, futhi kukhuthaze ukuqamba okusha. Ngenxa yalokho,Ukushaja kwe-EV ingqalasizinda iye yanda ngokushesha, ihlinzeka abashayeli be-EV ngezinketho zokushaja ezengeziwe.

2. Ivumela ukuxhumana kwendawo yonke phakathi kweziteshi zokushaja nabahlinzeki besevisi yenethiwekhi ukuze banikeze ngamasevisi egridi ngendlela engabizi kakhulu (njengempendulo yesidingo).

Ukushintshela esimweni sokukhishwa kwe-net-zero ngo-2050 kuzoletha ukwanda kwesidingo sikagesi, okuqhutshwa ikakhulukazi ukufakwa kukagesi kwezokuthutha, ukushisisa ekhaya, nezinye izimboni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo efana nelanga nomoya, isizukulwane sawo esihluka ngesimo sezulu kanye nesikhathi sosuku, nakho kuye kwafaka ingcindezi eyengeziwe kugridi. Lezi zinguquko eziguquguqukayo zibeka izinselele ekuzinzeni nasekuthembekeni kwegridi, okwenza izinsiza zifune izixazululo ezintsha njengezinhlelo zokuphendula isidingo.

Iyini impendulo yokufunwa?

Impendulo yesidingo ihlanganisa ukulinganisa isidingo segridi ngokukhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe ukusebenzisa kwabo ugesi kumahora okungasebenzi kakhulu lapho amandla emaningi noma isidingo sincane.

Lokhu ngokuvamile kufinyelelwa ngezisusa zentengo noma eminye imiklomelo yezezimali. Impendulo yesidingo, ehlanganiswe namagridi ahlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuguquguquka kwegridi, ekwehliseni umthelela wamandla avuselelekayo ashintshashintshayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwegridi phakathi namahora omthwalo omkhulu.

Iqhaza le-OCPP Ekuphenduleni Kwesidingo

Ukuze izinhlelo zokuphendula isidingo ziphumelele, ukuxhumana okungenazihibe phakathi kwamashaja nezinsiza kubalulekile. Amashaja kufanele akwazi ukushintsha ngokushintshashintshayo noma amise ukusebenzisa kwawo ugesi ngokusekelwe esimisweni segridi. I-OCPP iphakamisa imigudu esunguliwe yokusebenzelana phakathi kwamashaja nesofthiwe yokuphatha ukuze kube lula lokhu kuxhumana.
                                                               

Izinzuzo Zempendulo Yesidingo Se-OCPP

· Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko: Ngokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana ekhona, i-OCPP inciphisa izindleko ezengeziwe ezihlobene nokuhlanganisa amashaja ezinhlelweni zokuphendula isidingo.

· Ukuvumelana nezimo okuthuthukisiwe: Amashaja athobela i-OCPP avumela opharetha ukuba babambe iqhaza ngempumelelo ezinhlelweni zokuphatha igridi futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ukuphakelwa kukagesi kanye nesidingo kuyalingana.

· Ingqalasizinda yobufakazi besikhathi esizayo: Ihlanganiswe ne-OCPP, amanethiwekhi okushaja angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwezwe lamandla futhi asekele imizamo ebanzi yokwenza igridi ibe yesimanje.

Ngokuhlanganisa amandla okuphendula isidingo nge-OCPP, opharetha abakwazi ukufaka isandla kuphela ekuzinzeni kwegridi, kodwa futhi bathuthukise inani lamanethiwekhi abo okushaja ku-ecosystem yamandla esimeme.

3. Khulisa ukutholwa kwe-EV ngokufinyelela okuhlangene nolwazi lomsebenzisi olulula

Ukushaja okungenamthungo nokunembile kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni abantu abaningi ukuthi basebenzise izimoto zikagesi (EVs). Ukufinyelela kweshaja okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuzulazula kwamanethiwekhi amaningi okushaja, nezinhlelo zokukhokha ezingaguquki kungadikibalisa abangaba abanikazi be-EV noma kukhungathekise labo asebeshintshele ku-EV ukuhamba.

Isitifiketi se-OCPP sibhekana nalezi zinselele ngokusungula isethi yezivumelwano ezimisiwe ezithuthukisa ukuvumelana nokusebenzisana kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi wokushaja. Ngokuqinisekisa lokhoamashaja ukuhlangabezana nalawa mazinga, i-OCPP inganciphisa izithiyo zokungena futhi ikhuthaze okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi okuhlanganisiwe, yenze ukushaja kwe-EV kube lula kakhulu.
                                                      

Ezinye izici zesipiliyoni somsebenzisi esingaguquki esinakekelwa isitifiketi se-OCPP zifaka:

1. Abashayeli baqala kanjani ukushaja

2. Abashayeli bakhokhela kanjani ukushaja

3. Ukufinyelela kumashaja avela kumanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene ngohlelo lokusebenza olulodwa noma iphrofayela yokukhokha

4. Ukukhokha okujwayelekile kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi ahlukene wokushaja

Isithombe Esikhulu: Ukusekela Ukutholwa Kwe-EV

Ngokunciphisa izindawo zokungqubuzana kwinqubo yokushaja, i-OCPP idala i-ecosystem eyenza ukushayela kube lula. Lokhu akuthuthukisi nje kuphela ulwazi lwabanikazi be-EV abakhona, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa abathengi abangaba khona ukuthi ukuba ne-EV kuyasebenza futhi kulula. Ingqalasizinda yokushaja ehlanganisiwe yakha ukwethembana futhi ikhuthaze ukutholwa kwe-EV okubanzi, okubalulekile ekusheshiseni ukushintshela kwezokuthutha ezisimeme.

Ekugcineni, amashaja aqinisekiswe yi-OCPP adlala indima ebalulekile ekudaleni inethiwekhi yokushaja ehlangene negxile kumsebenzisi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi abashayeli bazizwa beqiniseka futhi besekelwe njengoba basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-EV.

Isebenza kanjani i-OCPP?

Esigabeni esidlule, sifunde ukuthi i-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) inikeza isisombululo esihlangene sendlela yokuxhumana phakathi kweziteshi zokushaja nanoma iyiphi isistimu emaphakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthengisi.

I-OCPP iyindawo yokuxhumana phakathiIziteshi zokushaja ze-EVkanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukushaja kwe-EV. Isigaba esilandelayo sichaza ukuthi i-OCPP isiza kanjani la maqembu amabili ahlukene ku-EV eshaja i-ecosystem ukuthi axhumane, nokuthi yimiphi eminye imisebenzi enayo ngaphezu kokuxhumana.

1. Ukushintshana Ngemiyalezo

I-OCPP ivumela iziteshi zokushaja nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukushintshanisa imilayezo mayelana nesimo samanje sesiteshi sokushaja.

Isibonelo, imilayezo ingabandakanya:

· Ukuthi ishaja iyatholakala, iyasebenza, noma idinga ukulungiswa

· Lapho inqubo yokushaja iqala noma ima

· Ukusetshenziswa kwamanje noma imitha yesikhathi sokuhlala

· Isiteshi sokushaja imininingwane yokuxilonga

2. Ukuqapha Okukude

Ama-opharetha wendawo yokushaja angasebenzisa i-OCPP ukuqapha bekude iziteshi zabo zokushaja.

3. Ukugunyazwa

Abaqhubi bezindawo zokushaja bangasebenzisa i-OCPP ukuze bagunyaze ukufinyelela eziteshini zokushaja.

4. I-Firmware Update

Isistimu yokuphatha ingathumela isicelo sokubuyekeza i-firmware esiteshini sokushaja, esingase siqinisekise futhi senze isibuyekezo.

5. Inkokhelo kanye Nokukhokha

Abaqhubi bezindawo zokushaja bangasebenzisa i-OCPP ukuze bahlanganise amasistimu ahlukene okukhokha kanye nokukhokha.

6. Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile

I-OCPP isekela izici zokushaja ezihlakaniphile ezifana nokulinganisa ukulayisha nokusetshenziswa kwephrofayela yokushaja.

7. Uhlelo lwe-Demand Response

I-OCPP ivumela amashaja ukuthi axhumane negridi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza, esiza ukulawula isidingo sikagesi.

Isingeniso sezinguqulo ezikhona ze-OCPP emakethe

Ngo-2010, i-Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2 yakhululwa, futhi i-OCPP 1.5 yakhululwa ngo-2013. Lezi zinguqulo zangaphambili azisanakekelwa ngokusebenzayo yi-OCA, ngakho-ke sethule izinguqulo ezalandela, okuyi-OCPP 1.6 ekhishwe ngo-2015 kanye ne-OCPP 2.0.1 ekhishwe ngo-2012 OCPP2 futhi i-OCPP2 yabuya ngo-2020. ehambisanayo. I-OCPP 2.1 kulindeleke ukuthi ikhishwe ngekota yokuqala ka-2025.
                                                  

Izinhlobo ezimbili zokusetshenziswa kwe-OCPP

I-SOAP: I-Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) iphrothokholi esekwe emlayezo esebenzisa i-XML ukumela idatha. I-SOAP wuhlaka oluvumela ukuthi imilayezo ithunyelwe phakathi kwezingxenye eziku-inthanethi. Inzuzo ye-SOAP ukuthi indinganiso ihlanganisa imisebenzi yokuthumela nokwamukela imilayezo. Lokhu kwenza ukuqaliswa okusheshayo kwenzeke.

I-JSON: I-JavaScript Object Notation ifomethi yokushintshisana ngedatha engasindi okulula ukuthi abantu bayifunde futhi bayibhale, futhi kulula ngemishini ukuyihlaziya nokuyikhiqiza. Kulula ukufunda nokubhala kune-XML. Isekelwe kusethi engaphansi ye-JavaScript.

I-OCPP1.6

I-OCPP 1.6 yakhela ku-OCPP 1.5, ehlanganisa iminyaka yesipiliyoni esisebenzayo nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyimpumelelo emhlabeni jikelele. Kusukela yethulwa ngo-2012, i-OCPP 1.5 isetshenziswe kabanzi ngabahlinzeki nezinsiza emhlabeni jikelele. Ngalesi sisekelo,I-OCPP 1.6 sethula izithuthukisi ezimbalwa ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa amandla okushaja ahlakaniphile nosekelo lwe-JSON ne-SOAP nge-WebSocket.

Le nguqulo futhi ihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa okuningana, okufana nemibhalo ecacile nezibuyekezo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemikhiqizo ehlukene yabathengisi. Izici ezintsha ezinkulu zifaka amakhono anwetshiwe okuxilonga (njengamakhodi esizathu), isimo sephoyinti sokushaja esengeziwe, namandla e-TriggerMessage, wonke aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zemakethe.

I-OCPP 1.6 igcina ukusebenza okubalulekile kwenguqulo yangaphambilini futhi yethula inani lezibuyekezo nokulungiswa kwezinkinga ezifihliwe ezaziwayo eziyenza ingahambisani ne-OCPP 1.5. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuhloselwe ukuhlinzeka ngamasevisi angcono kubaqhubi beziteshi ezishajayo (ama-CPO) kanye nolwazi olungcono lwabashayeli bezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi emhlabeni jikelele.

Izici ze-OCPP 1.6 zifaka:

· I-OCPP 1.5

· Izinguqulo ze-SOAP ne-JSON

· Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile kusekela ukulinganisa komthwalo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaphrofayili wokushaja

· (Local) ukwesekwa kohlu lokuphatha

· Izimo ezengeziwe: Ingeza izifundazwe ezengeziwe ekubalweni kwendawo yephoyinti lokushaja ukuze inikeze ama-CPO nabasebenzisi bokugcina ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nesimo samanje sephoyinti lokushaja.

· Izicelo zokuthumela umlayezo, njengesikhathi se-CP noma isimo se-CP

· Ukuthuthukiswa kokucaciswa okuncane (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-OCPP 1.5)
                                              

I-OCPP 2.0.1

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-OCPP 1.6, i-OCPP 2.0.1 iletha izici ezithuthukisiwe namandla amasha. Nokho, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenza i-OCPP 2.0.1 ingahambisani nezinguqulo zangaphambili (isb. OCPP 1.6 kanye ne-OCPP 1.5).

Izici Ezintsha OCPP 2.0.1 vs. OCPP 1.6

1. Isici Sokuphathwa Kwedivayisi (okwaziwa nangokuthi Imodeli Yedivayisi) sisetshenziselwa ukuthola nokusetha izilungiselelo nokuqapha iziteshi zokushaja.

Ukuphathwa Kwedivayisi (okwaziwa nangokuthi Imodeli Yedivayisi) isici osekunesikhathi silindelwe, ikakhulukazi samukelwe ama-CSO aphatha amanethiwekhi (ayinkimbinkimbi) eziteshi zokushaja (kusuka kubathengisi abahlukene).

Inikeza izici ezilandelayo:

• Ukubikwa kwempahla

• Iphutha elithuthukisiwe nokubikwa kwesimo

• Ukumisa okuthuthukisiwe

• Ukuqapha ngendlela oyifisayo

Konke lokhu kusiza ama-CSO ehlise izindleko zokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yesiteshi sokushaja.

Abakhiqizi beziteshi zokushajabakhululekile ukunquma ukuthi lungakanani ulwazi olunemininingwane mayelana neziteshi zabo zokushaja abangashicilela ngazo

Ukuphathwa Kwedivayisi: isibonelo, banganquma ukuthi yini engagadwa nokuthi yini engeke igadwe.

2. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphatha kangcono okwenziwayo okukhulu

• Umlayezo owodwa uhlanganisa yonke imisebenzi ehlobene nokwenziwe

• Ukuncishiswa kwedatha

I-OCPP 1.6 yethule ezokuthutha ze-JSON ngokusekelwe ku-Websockets, ezinganciphisa kakhulu ithrafikhi yedatha yeselula. I-OCPP 2.0 yethule ukwesekwa kokuminyanisa kwe-WebSocket, okuqhubeka nokunciphisa inani ledatha.

3. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi

Ukuthuthukiswa okulandelayo kungeziwe ukuqinisa ikhono le-OCPP lokumelana nokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi:

• Amaphrofayili okuphepha (amaleveli angu-3) esiteshi sokushaja kanye/noma ukuqinisekiswa kwe-CSMS nokuphepha kokuxhumana

• Ukuphathwa okubalulekile kwezitifiketi zeklayenti

• Vikela izibuyekezo ze-firmware

• Amalogi omcimbi wokuvikeleka

4. Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile okunwetshiwe

Ku-OCPP 2.0.1, ukusebenza kokushaja okuhlakaniphile kunwetshiwe (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-OCPP 1.6) ukuze kusekelwe:

• Ukufaka okuqondile kokushaja okuhlakaniphile okuvela ohlelweni lokuphatha amandla (EMS) kuya esiteshini sokushaja

• Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile okuthuthukisiwe nezilawuli zasendaweni

• Ukusekelwa kokushaja okuhlakaniphile okuhlanganisiwe kwe-CSMS,iziteshi zokushajakanye nezimoto zikagesi.

5. Sekela i-ISO 15118

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-IEC 61851, izinga le-ISO 15118 liyiphrothokholi entsha ye-EVSE kuya ku-EV ukuxhumana. I-ISO 15118 ivumela izici eziningi ezintsha nokuxhumana okuphephile phakathi kwe-EVSE ne-EV. I-OCPP 2.0.1 isekela izinga le-ISO 15118, futhi izici ezintsha zifaka:

• Xhuma futhi Shaja

• Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile, okuhlanganisa okokufaka okuvela emotweni kagesi

6. Thuthukisa ulwazi lwamakhasimende

• Izinketho zokugunyazwa ezengeziwe

• Khombisa imiyalezo

• Ulimi oluncanyelwayo lomshayeli we-EV

• Amanani kanye nezimali ezikhokhwayo

7. Iphrothokholi yezokuthutha: Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-OCPP-J

• Umzila womlayezo olula

• Akukho ukusekelwa kwe-SOAP