01. Kuyini "ukushaja okukhulu kokupholisa uketshezi"?
isimiso sokusebenza:
Ukushaja okukhulu okupholishwe ngoketshezi kuhloswe ukusetha isiteshi esikhethekile sokujikeleza koketshezi phakathi kwekhebula nesibhamu sokushaja. I-coolant yoketshezi yokushaja ukushisa ifakwa esiteshini, bese i-coolant ijikeleziswa ngephampu yamandla ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja.
Ingxenye yamandla yesistimu isebenzisa ukupholisa uketshezi ukuze kuqedwe ukushisa, futhi akukho ukushintshaniswa komoya nendawo engaphandle, ngakho-ke ingafinyelela umklamo we-IP65. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lusebenzisa ifeni elikhulu lomoya ukuze kuqedwe ukushisa ngomsindo ophansi kanye nobungane obukhulu bemvelo.
02. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokushaja kakhulu kokupholisa uketshezi?
Izinzuzo zokushaja okukhulu kokupholisa uketshezi:
1. Isivinini esikhulu sokushaja samandla kagesi kanye nesivinini sokushaja esisheshayo. Umthamo wamandla okukhiphayo we-inqwaba yokushajainqunyelwe ucingo lwesibhamu sokushaja. Ikhebula lethusi elingaphakathi kwentambo yesibhamu sokushaja liqhuba ugesi, kanti ukushisa okukhiqizwa yikhebula kuhambisana nenani lesikwele lamandla kagesi. Uma amandla okushaja emakhulu, kulapho ukushisa okukhiqizwa yikhebula kukhulu. Kumele kuncishiswe. Ukuze ugweme ukushisa ngokweqile, indawo enqamulayo yocingo kumele ikhuliswe, futhi-ke ucingo lwesibhamu luzoba nzima kakhulu. Isibhamu sokushaja esijwayelekile se-250A sivame ukusebenzisa ikhebula elingu-80mm2. Isibhamu sokushaja sinzima kakhulu sisonke futhi akulula ukusigoba. Uma ufuna ukufeza ukushaja kwamandla kagesi amakhulu, ungasebenzisa futhi ukushaja kwezibhamu ezimbili, kodwa lokhu kuyindlela yokuma kuphela ezimweni ezithile. Isixazululo sokugcina sokushaja kwamandla kagesi aphezulu singaba ukushaja ngesibhamu sokushaja esipholile ngoketshezi kuphela.
Kukhona izintambo namapayipi amanzi ngaphakathi kwesibhamu sokushaja esipholile ngoketshezi. Intambo yesibhamu se-500A esipholile ngoketsheziisibhamu sokushajangokuvamile ingu-35mm2 kuphela, futhi ukushisa kususwa ukugeleza kwe-coolant epayipini lamanzi. Ngenxa yokuthi ikhebula lincane, isibhamu sokushaja esipholile ngoketshezi silula ngo-30% kuya ku-40% kunesibhamu sokushaja esivamile. Isibhamu sokushaja esipholile ngoketshezi sidinga futhi ukufakwa iyunithi yokupholisa, equkethe ithangi lamanzi, ipompo yamanzi, i-radiator kanye nefeni. Ipompo yamanzi iqhuba i-coolant ukuthi ijikeleze emgqeni wesibhamu, ilethe ukushisa ku-radiator, bese iyiphephula ngumdlali, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele umthamo omkhulu wokuthwala kunezibhamu zokushaja ezipholile ngokwemvelo.
2. Intambo yesibhamu ilula futhi imishini yokushaja ilula.
3. Ukushisa okuncane, ukushabalalisa ukushisa okusheshayo, kanye nokuphepha okuphezulu. Imizimba yezinqwaba zezinqwaba zokushaja ezivamile kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja ezipholile kancane zipholiswa umoya ukuze zishabalalise ukushisa. Umoya ungena emzimbeni wezinqwaba usuka kolunye uhlangothi, uphephule ukushisa kwezingxenye zikagesi kanye namamojula okulungisa, bese unyamalala emzimbeni wezinqwaba ngakolunye uhlangothi. Umoya uzoxutshwa nothuli, isifutho sikasawoti kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi bese unamathela ebusweni bamadivayisi angaphakathi, okuholela ekushiseni okungekuhle kwesistimu, ukushabalalisa ukushisa okungekuhle, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja okuphansi, kanye nokuphila kwemishini okuncishisiwe. Kumaqoqo okushaja avamile noma izinqwaba zokushaja ezipholile kancane, ukushabalalisa ukushisa kanye nokuvikela kuyimibono emibili ephikisanayo. Uma ukuvikela kukuhle, ukushabalalisa ukushisa kuzoba nzima ukukuklama, futhi uma ukushabalalisa ukushisa kuhle, ukuvikela kuzoba nzima ukubhekana nakho.
Inqwaba yokushaja epholiswe ngokuphelele isebenzisa imodyuli yokushaja epholiswe ngokuphelele. Azikho imigudu yomoya ngaphambili nangemuva kwemodyuli epholiswe ngokuphelele. Imodyuli ithembele ku-coolant ejikeleza ngaphakathi kwepuleti epholiswe ngokuphelele ukuze ishintshanise ukushisa nomhlaba wangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yamandla yenqwaba yokushaja ingavalwa ngokuphelele ukuze kuncishiswe ukushabalaliswa kokushisa. I-radiator ingaphandle, futhi ukushisa kulethwa ku-radiator nge-coolant engaphakathi, bese umoya wangaphandle uphephula ukushisa ebusweni be-radiator. Imodyuli yokushaja epholiswe ngokuphelele kanye nezesekeli zikagesi ezingaphakathi kwenqwaba yokushaja azithintani nendawo yangaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela zithola ukuvikelwa kwe-IP65 nokuthembeka okuphezulu.
4. Umsindo wokushaja ophansi kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuvikela. Ama-pile okushaja avamile kanye nama-pile okushaja apholile kancane anama-module okushaja apholile emoyeni. Ama-module apholile emoyeni akhiwe ngama-fan amaningi amancane anesivinini esikhulu, futhi umsindo wokusebenza ufinyelela ngaphezu kwama-65db. Kukhona nama-fan okupholisa emzimbeni we-pile yokushaja. Njengamanje, ama-pile okushaja asebenzisa ama-module apholile emoyeni Uma esebenza ngamandla aphelele, umsindo ungaphezu kwama-70dB. Awunawo umthelela omkhulu emini kodwa uyaphazamisa kakhulu ebusuku. Ngakho-ke, umsindo omkhulu eziteshini zokushaja uyinkinga ekhononda kakhulu kubasebenzi. Uma bekhononda, kufanele balungise inkinga. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokulungisa ziphezulu futhi umphumela ulinganiselwe kakhulu. Ekugcineni, kufanele banciphise amandla ukuze banciphise umsindo.
Inqwaba yokushaja epholiswe ngokuphelele ithatha ukwakheka kokushaja okuhambisana nokushisa okuphindwe kabili. Imodyuli yangaphakathi yokupholisa uketshezi incike empompini yamanzi ukuze iqhube ukujikeleza kwe-coolant ukuze isuse ukushisa, futhi idlulisele ukushisa okukhiqizwa yimodyuli ku-fin radiator. Ukushaja kokushisa kwangaphandle kufezwa ngabalandeli noma ama-air conditioner asheshayo anevolumu ephezulu. Ukushisa kuyasuswa kudivayisi, futhi umsindo wefeni onejubane eliphansi kanye nomthamo womoya omkhulu uphansi kakhulu kunowefeni encane enejubane eliphezulu. Ama-piles apholile ngokuphelele anomswakama ophezulu angasebenzisa umklamo wokushaja ohlukanisiwe. Njenge-air conditioner ehlukanisiwe, iyunithi yokushaja ukushisa ibekwa kude nesixuku, futhi ingaqhuba ngisho nokushintshana kokushisa namachibi namanzi ukuze kufezwe ukushaja okungcono kanye nomsindo ophansi wezindleko.
5. I-TCO ephansi
Izindleko zemishini yokushaja eziteshini zokushaja kumele zicatshangelwe kusukela ezindleleni zomjikelezo wokuphila ogcwele (i-TCO) yenqwaba yokushaja. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinqwaba zokushaja zendabuko ezisebenzisa amamojula okushaja apholile emoyeni ngokuvamile asidluli iminyaka emi-5, kodwa isikhathi sokuqasha samanje sokusebenza kwesiteshi sokushaja siyiminyaka engu-8-10, okusho ukuthi imishini yokushaja idinga ukushintshwa okungenani kanye ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesiteshi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhathi sokuphila sezinqwaba zokushaja ezipholile ngokuphelele singaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10, okungahlanganisa wonke umjikelezo wokuphila wesiteshi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqwaba zokushaja ezisebenzisa amamojula apholile emoyeni adinga ukuvulwa njalo kwekhabhinethi, ukususwa kothuli, ukulungiswa kanye neminye imisebenzi, izinqwaba zokushaja ezipholile ngokuphelele zidinga kuphela ukuhlanzwa ngemva kokuba uthuli luqongelele ku-radiator yangaphandle, okwenza ukulungiswa kube lula.
I-TCO yesistimu yokushaja epholiswe ngokuphelele uketshezi iphansi kunesistimu yokushaja yendabuko esebenzisa amamojula okushaja apholiswe ngomoya, futhi ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinhlelo ezipholiswe ngokuphelele uketshezi, inzuzo yayo yokusebenza kahle kwezindleko izocaca kakhulu.
03. Isimo semakethe sokushaja okukhulu kokupholisa uketshezi
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva evela ku-China Charging Alliance, kwakunezinqwaba zokushaja zomphakathi ezingu-31,000 ezengeziwe ngoFebhuwari 2023 kunangoJanuwari 2023, okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-54.1% ngoFebhuwari. Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2023, amayunithi angamalungu ngaphakathi kwenhlangano abike inani lezinqwaba zokushaja zomphakathi eziyizigidi ezingu-1.869, kufaka phakathi ezingu-796,000.Izinqwaba zokushaja ze-DCkanye nezigidi ezingu-1.072Izinqwaba zokushaja ze-AC.
Eqinisweni, njengoba izinga lokungena kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla liqhubeka nokukhula futhi izikhungo ezisekelayo ezifana nama-pile okushaja zithuthuka ngokushesha, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokushaja okupholisiwe ngoketshezi sebuyinto ebalulekile ekuncintisaneni embonini. Izinkampani eziningi zezimoto ezintsha zamandla kanye nezinkampani zama-pile nazo seziqalile ukwenza ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko kanye nokuhlelwa kokushaja ngokweqile.
I-Tesla iyinkampani yokuqala yezimoto embonini ukusebenzisa ama-supercharging piles apholile ngoketshezi ngamaqoqo. Njengamanje, isebenzise iziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-1,500 ze-supercharging eShayina ngamaqoqo angu-10,000 e-supercharging. I-Tesla V3 supercharger isebenzisa umklamo opholile ngoketshezi ngokuphelele, imodyuli yokushaja epholile ngoketshezi kanye nesibhamu sokushaja esipholile ngoketshezi. Isibhamu esisodwa singashaja kufika ku-250kW/600A, okungakhulisa ibanga lokuhamba ngamakhilomitha angu-250 ngemizuzu engu-15. Imodeli ye-V4 isizosetshenziswa ngamaqoqo. Inqwaba yokushaja iphinde ikhulise amandla okushaja abe ngu-350kW ngesibhamu ngasinye.
Ngemva kwalokho, iPorsche Taycan yethule ukwakheka kukagesi okunamandla aphezulu angu-800V okokuqala ngqa emhlabeni futhi isekela ukushaja okusheshayo okunamandla aphezulu angu-350kW; i-Great Wall Salon Mecha Dragon 2022 global limited edition inogesi ofinyelela ku-600A, i-voltage efinyelela ku-800V, kanye namandla okushaja aphezulu angu-480kW; i-GAC AION V, ene-voltage ephezulu efinyelela ku-1000V, i-current efinyelela ku-600A, kanye namandla okushaja aphezulu angu-480kW; i-Xiaopeng G9, imoto ekhiqizwe ngobuningi eneplatifomu ye-voltage ye-silicon carbide engu-800V, efanelekile ukushaja okusheshayo okungu-480kW;
04. Iyini ithrendi yesikhathi esizayo yokushaja okukhulu kokupholisa uketshezi?
Insimu yokushaja ngokweqile kokupholisa uketshezi isencane, inamathuba amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kanye namathuba abanzi okuthuthukiswa. Ukupholisa uketshezi kuyisisombululo esihle kakhulu sokushaja ngamandla aphezulu. Azikho izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizweni kwezinsiza zamandla ezinqwabeni zokushaja ngamandla aphezulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Kubalulekile ukuxazulula uxhumano lwekhebula kusukela ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla ezinqwabeni zokushaja ngamandla aphezulu kuya esibhamuni sokushaja.
Kodwa-ke, izinga lokungena kwama-liquid-cooled supercharged piled ane-high-power ezweni lakithi lisephansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izibhamu zokushaja ezipholile zibiza kakhulu, futhi ama-fast piles azoletha imakethe ebiza amakhulu ezigidigidi ngo-2025. Ngokusho kolwazi lomphakathi, intengo emaphakathi yama-charging piles icishe ibe yi-0.4 yuan/W. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi intengo ye-240kW fast pile icishe ibe yi-96,000 yuan. Ngokusho kwentengo yekhebula lesibhamu sokushaja esipholile esipholile engqungqutheleni yabezindaba ye-CHINAEVSE, engama-20,000 yuan/isethi, kulinganiselwa ukuthi intengo yesibhamu sokushaja esipholile. Njengoba ilinganiselwa ku-21% wezindleko zama-charging piles, iba yingxenye ebiza kakhulu ngemva kokushaja amamojula. Kulindeleke ukuthi njengoba inani lamamodeli amasha okushaja okusheshayo landa, isikhala semakethe samandla aphezulu.izinqwaba ezishaja ngokusheshaezweni lami kuzoba cishe ama-yuan ayizigidigidi eziyi-133.4 ngo-2025.
Esikhathini esizayo, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okunamandla okupholisa uketshezi buzoqhubeka nokusheshisa ukungena.
Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlelwa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja ngokweqile obupholishwe uketshezi obunamandla aphezulu kusenendlela ende okufanele ihanjwe. Lokhu kudinga ukubambisana kwezinkampani zezimoto, izinkampani zamabhethri, izinkampani ezinqwabelene kanye nabanye abantu. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho singasekela kangcono ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi yaseShayina, sikhuthaze ukushaja okuhlelekile kanye ne-V2G, sisize ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-carbon ephansi kanye nokwemvelo, futhi sisheshise ukufezwa komgomo wesu "we-Carbon ephindwe kabili".
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-04-2024