01.Kuyini "ukushaja okukhulu kokupholisa uketshezi"?
umgomo wokusebenza:
Ukushaja okupholile okupholile okuwuketshezi ukusetha umzila okhethekile wokuzungeza uketshezi phakathi kwekhebula nesibhamu sokushaja.Isipholile esiwuketshezi sokukhipha ukushisa siyengezwa esiteshini, futhi isipholile sisakazwa ngephampu yamandla ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa okukhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokushaja.
Ingxenye yamandla yesistimu isebenzisa ukupholisa okuwuketshezi ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa, futhi akukho ukushintshaniswa komoya nendawo yangaphandle, ngakho-ke ingakwazi ukufeza idizayini ye-IP65.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lusebenzisa fan enkulu yevolumu yomoya ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa ngomsindo ophansi kanye nobungane obuphezulu bemvelo.
02.Iziphi izinzuzo zokushaja okukhulu kokupholisa uketshezi?
Izinzuzo zokushaja okuphezulu kokupholisa uketshezi:
1. Isivinini esikhulu sokushaja samanje nesisheshayo.Okukhiphayo okwamanje kwe-inqwaba yokushajainqunyelwe ucingo olushajayo.Ikhebula lethusi elingaphakathi kwentambo yesibhamu sokushaja iqhuba ugesi, futhi ukushisa okukhiqizwa ikhebula kuhambisana nenani lesikwele samanje.Uma ukushaja kukhulu, kukhulu ukushisa okukhiqizwa ikhebula.Kumele kwehliswe.Ukuze ugweme ukushisa ngokweqile, indawo ye-cross-sectional yocingo kufanele inyuswe, futhi ngokuqinisekile ucingo lwesibhamu luzoba nzima kakhulu.Isibhamu esijwayelekile samanje se-250A sikazwelonke sokushaja ngokuvamile sisebenzisa ikhebuli engu-80mm2.Isibhamu sokushaja sisinda kakhulu sisonke futhi akulula ukugoba.Uma ufuna ukuzuza ukushaja okukhulu kwamanje, ungasebenzisa futhi ukushaja kwezibhamu ezimbili, kodwa lokhu kuyisilinganiso sokumisa igebe ezimeni ezithile.Isixazululo sokugcina sokushaja kwamanje singashaja kuphela ngesibhamu sokushaja esipholile uketshezi.
Kukhona izintambo namapayipi amanzi ngaphakathi kwesibhamu sokushaja esipholile uketshezi.Ikhebuli ye-500A liquid-ipholileukushaja isibhamuimvamisa ingu-35mm2 kuphela, kanti ukushisa kususwa ukugeleza kwesipholile epayipini lamanzi.Ngenxa yokuthi ikhebula lincane, isibhamu sokushaja esipholile ngoketshezi silula ngo-30% kuya ku-40% kunesibhamu esivamile sokushaja.Isibhamu sokushaja esipholile uketshezi sidinga futhi ukuthi sifakwe iyunithi yokupholisa, ehlanganisa ithangi lamanzi, iphampu yamanzi, irediyetha kanye nefeni.Iphampu yamanzi ishayela isipholile ukuthi sijikeleze kulayini wesibhamu, ilethe ukushisa kurediyetha, bese isiphephetha ngesiphephetha-moya, ngaleyo ndlela sithole umthamo wokuthwala omkhulu kunezibhamu ezishajayo ezipholiswe ngokwemvelo ezivamile.
2. Intambo yesibhamu ilula futhi imishini yokushaja ilula.
3. Ukushisa okuncane, ukuchithwa kokushisa okusheshayo, nokuphepha okuphezulu.Inqwaba yenqwaba yezinqwaba zokushaja ezijwayelekile kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja ezipholile kancane eziwuketshezi zipholiswa ngomoya ukuze ziqede ukushisa.Umoya ungena emzimbeni wenqwaba ukusuka ohlangothini olulodwa, uphephula ukushisa kwezingxenye zikagesi namamojula okulungisa, futhi uhlakaze emzimbeni wenqwaba ngakolunye uhlangothi.Umoya uzoxutshwa nothuli, isifutho sikasawoti kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi bese ukhangiswa phezu kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zangaphakathi, okuzoholela ekufakweni kwesistimu okungekuhle, ukuchithwa kokushisa okungekuhle, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja okuphansi, kanye nempilo yemishini encishisiwe.Ezinqwaba zokushaja ezivamile noma izinqwaba zokushaja zokupholisa uketshezi oluncane, ukuchithwa kokushisa nokuvikelwa yimibono emibili ephikisanayo.Uma ukuvikela kuhle, ukuchithwa kokushisa kuyoba nzima ukuklama, futhi uma ukuchithwa kokushisa kuhle, ukuvikela kuyoba nzima ukubhekana nakho.
Inqwaba yokushaja epholiswe uketshezi ngokugcwele isebenzisa imojuli yokushaja epholile uketshezi.Awekho amapayipi omoya ngaphambili nangemuva kwemojuli epholile uketshezi.Imojula incike ekupholiseni okujikelezayo ngaphakathi kwepuleti elipholile uketshezi ukushintshanisa ukushisa nomhlaba wangaphandle.Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yamandla yenqwaba yokushaja ingavaleka ngokugcwele ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchithwa kokushisa.Irediyetha ingaphandle, futhi ukushisa kulethwa kurediyetha ngesipholisa ngaphakathi, futhi umoya wangaphandle uphephula ukushisa endaweni yerediyetha.Imojuli yokushaja epholile uketshezi kanye nezinsiza zikagesi ezingaphakathi kwenqwaba yokushaja azinakho ukuthintana nendawo yangaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwa ukuvikeleka kwe-IP65 nokuthembeka okuphezulu.
4. Umsindo wokushaja ophansi kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuvikela.Izinqwaba zokushaja ezivamile kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja ezipholile kancane ezinoketshezi olunamanzi anamamojula akhelwe ngaphakathi okushaja okupholise umoya.Amamojula apholile emoyeni akhiwe ngabalandeli abancane abanesivinini esikhulu, futhi umsindo wokusebenza ufinyelela ngaphezu kuka-65db.Kukhona namafeni okupholisa emzimbeni wenqwaba eshajayo.Njengamanje, ukushaja izinqwaba kusetshenziswa amamojula apholile emoyeni Uma usebenza ngamandla agcwele, umsindo ngokuyisisekelo ungaphezu kuka-70dB.Inomthelela omncane emini kodwa iphazamisa kakhulu ebusuku.Ngakho-ke, umsindo omkhulu eziteshini zokushaja inkinga okukhalwa ngayo kakhulu kubasebenzisi.Uma bekhononda, kufanele balungise inkinga.Nokho, izindleko zokulungisa ziphezulu futhi umphumela ulinganiselwe kakhulu.Ekugcineni, kufanele banciphise amandla okunciphisa umsindo.
Inqwaba yokushaja epholiswe uketshezi ngokugcwele isebenzisa ukwakheka kokukhipha ukushisa okukabili.Imojula yangaphakathi yokupholisa uketshezi incike empompini yamanzi ukuze iqhube ukuzungeza kwesipholile ukuze ikhiphe ukushisa, futhi idlulisa ukushisa okukhiqizwa imojula kurediyetha.Ukukhishwa kokushisa kwangaphandle kufinyelelwa ngabalandeli bevolumu ephezulu ngesivinini esiphansi noma ama-air conditioner.Ukushisa kukhishwa kusukela kudivayisi, futhi umsindo we-fan ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nevolumu yomoya omkhulu uphansi kakhulu kunalowo we-fan encane enejubane eliphezulu.Izinqwaba ezishaje kakhulu uketshezi ezipholiswe ngokugcwele zingasebenzisa idizayini yokuhlukanisa ukushisa okuhlukanisayo.Ngokufanayo ne-air conditioner ehlukanisiwe, iyunithi yokukhipha ukushisa ibekwe kude nesixuku, futhi ingakwazi ngisho nokuqhuba ukushintshana kokushisa ngamachibi nemithombo ukuze kuzuzwe ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okungcono kanye nezindleko eziphansi.umsindo.
5. I-TCO ephansi
Izindleko zempahla yokushaja eziteshini zokushaja kufanele zicatshangelwe kusukela ezindlekweni zomjikelezo wokuphila okuphelele (TCO) wenqwaba yokushaja.Impilo yezinqwaba zokushaja ezijwayelekile kusetshenziswa amamojula okushaja apholile emoyeni ngokuvamile ayidluli iminyaka emi-5, kodwa isikhathi samanje sokuqashisa ukusebenza kwesiteshi sokushaja siyiminyaka eyi-8-10, okusho ukuthi imishini yokushaja idinga ukushintshwa okungenani kanye ngesikhathi sesiteshi. umjikelezo wokusebenza.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impilo yesevisi yezinqwaba zokushaja ezipholile ngokuphelele uketshezi okungenani iminyaka eyi-10, engamboza wonke umjikelezo wokuphila wesiteshi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqwaba zokushaja kusetshenziswa amamojula apholile emoyeni adinga ukuvulwa kwekhabhinethi njalo, ukususwa kothuli, ukugcinwa nokunye ukusebenza, izinqwaba zokushaja ezipholiswe ngokuphelele uketshezi zidinga ukushajwa kuphela ngemva kokunqwabelana kothuli kurediyetha yangaphandle, okwenza ukugcinwa kube lula. .
I-TCO yesistimu yokushaja epholile ngokugcwele uketshezi iphansi kunaleyo yesistimu yokushaja yendabuko esebenzisa amamojula wokushaja apholile emoyeni, futhi ngokusetshenziswa kwenqwaba yezinhlelo ezipholile ngokugcwele uketshezi, inzuzo yayo yezindleko izoba sobala kakhulu.
03. Isimo semakethe sokushaja okukhulu kokupholisa uketshezi
Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva evela ku-China Charging Alliance, kube nezinqwaba zokushaja umphakathi ezingaphezulu kuka-31,000 ngoFebhuwari 2023 kunangoJanuwari 2023, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngama-54.1% ngoFebhuwari.Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2023, amayunithi amalungu ngaphakathi komfelandawonye abike isamba senqwaba yokushaja umphakathi eyizigidi eziyi-1.869, kuhlanganisa nama-796,000.DC ukushaja izinqwabakanye nezigidi ezingu-1.072Izinqwaba zokushaja i-AC.
Eqinisweni, njengoba izinga lokungena kwezimoto zamandla amasha liqhubeka nokukhula futhi izinsiza ezisekelayo ezifana nezinqwaba zokushaja zithuthuka ngokushesha, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokushaja okuphezulu okupholiswe uketshezi buye kwagxila emncintiswaneni embonini.Izinkampani eziningi zezimoto zamandla amasha kanye nezinkampani eziyinqwaba seziqalile ukwenza ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nesakhiwo sokushaja ngokweqile.
I-Tesla iyinkampani yokuqala yezimoto embonini ukutshala izinqwaba zokushaja ezinkulu ezipholile ngoketshezi ngamaqoqo.Njengamanje, ifake iziteshi zokushaja ezinkulu ezingaphezu kuka-1,500 eChina ezinesamba senqwaba yama-supercharging piles.I-supercharger ye-Tesla V3 yamukela idizayini epholile ngokuphelele uketshezi, imojuli yokushaja epholile uketshezi kanye nesibhamu sokushaja esipholile uketshezi.Isibhamu esisodwa singashaja afinyelele ku-250kW/600A, okungase kwenyuse ibanga lokuhamba ngamakhilomitha angu-250 ngemizuzu engu-15.Imodeli ye-V4 isizosetshenziswa ngamaqoqo.Inqwaba yokushaja inyusa amandla okushaja abe ngu-350kW isibhamu ngasinye.
Ngokulandelayo, i-Porsche Taycan yethula i-800V ye-high-voltage yokwakhiwa kukagesi okokuqala ngqa emhlabeni futhi isekela ukushaja okushesha kwamandla angu-350kW;i-Great Wall Salon Mecha Dragon 2022 global limited edition ine-current efinyelela ku-600A, i-voltage efinyelela ku-800V, namandla okushaja aphezulu angu-480kW;I-GAC AION V, enamandla kagesi afinyelela ku-1000V, amandla amanje afinyelela ku-600A, namandla okushaja aphezulu angu-480kW;I-Xiaopeng G9, imoto ekhiqizwe ngobuningi eneplathifomu yamandla kagesi ye-silicon carbide engu-800V, elungele ukushaja okushesha kakhulu okungu-480kW;
04. Iyini inkambiso yesikhathi esizayo yokushaja okukhulu kokupholisa uketshezi?
Umkhakha wokushaja ngokweqile kokupholisa uketshezi usaqala, unamandla amakhulu kanye namathemba entuthuko abanzi.Ukupholisa uketshezi kuyisixazululo esihle kakhulu sokushaja kwamandla aphezulu.Azikho izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizweni kwenqwaba yamandla ashaja amandla aphezulu ekhaya naphesheya.Kudingekile ukuxazulula uxhumano lwekhebula kusukela kumandla wenqwaba yokushaja kwamandla aphezulu kuya kusibhamu sokushaja.
Kodwa-ke, izinga lokungena lenqwaba yamandla kagesi apholile kakhulu ezweni lami lisephansi.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izibhamu ezishajayo ezipholiswe uketshezi zibiza izindleko eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi inqwaba yokushaja ngokushesha izongenisa imakethe ebiza amakhulu ezigidigidi ngo-2025. Ngokolwazi olusesidlangalaleni, intengo emaphakathi yokushaja izinqwaba icishe ibe ngu-0.4 yuan/W.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani lenqwaba eshaja ngokushesha i-240kW lilinganiselwa ku-96,000 yuan.Ngokusho kwentengo yekhebula lokushaja elipholile uketshezi engqungqutheleni yabezindaba ye-CHINAEVSE, engu-20,000 yuan/set, izindleko zesibhamu sokushaja esipholile uketshezi ziyalinganiselwa.Ukubalwa kwemali cishe kwe-21% yezindleko zokushaja izinqwaba, kuba ingxenye ebiza kakhulu ngemva kokushaja amamojula.Kulindeleke ukuthi njengoba inani lamamodeli amasha ashaja ngokushesha likhula, indawo yemakethe yamandla aphezuluizinqwaba ezishaja ngokusheshaezweni lami kuzoba cishe ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-133.4 ngo-2025.
Ngokuzayo, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okupholisa uketshezi buzoqhubeka nokusheshisa ukungena.
Ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlelwa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja okungaphezu kwamandla kaketshezi olupholile kusenendlela ende okufanele yenziwe.Lokhu kudinga ukubambisana kwezinkampani zezimoto, izinkampani zamabhethri, izinkampani zenqwaba nezinye izinhlangano.Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho singakwazi ukusekela kangcono ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi yaseShayina, siqhubeke sikhuthaze ukushajwa okuhlelekile kanye ne-V2G, sisize ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni ephansi nokuluhlaza, futhi sisheshise ukufezeka kwenhloso yesu "yeKhabhoni ekabili".
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-04-2024