Njengamanje, kunezindinganiso ezinhlanu zokushaja emhlabeni. INyakatho Melika isebenzisa indinganiso ye-CCS1, iYurophu isebenzisa indinganiso ye-CCS2, kanti iShayina isebenzisa indinganiso yayo ye-GB/T. IJapan ibilokhu iyinkampani engenzi nzuzo futhi inendinganiso yayo ye-CHAdeMO. Kodwa-ke, iTesla yakha izimoto zikagesi ngaphambilini futhi yayinenani elikhulu lazo. Yaklama isikhombikubona sokushaja esijwayelekile se-NACS kusukela ekuqaleni.
II-CCS1Izinga lokushaja elijwayelekile eNyakatho Melika lisetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States naseCanada, nge-voltage ephezulu ye-AC engu-240V AC kanye nomthamo wamandla aphezulu ongu-80A AC; i-voltage ephezulu ye-DC engu-1000V DC kanye nomthamo wamandla aphezulu ongu-400A DC.
Kodwa-ke, yize izinkampani eziningi zezimoto eNyakatho Melika ziphoqeleka ukuthi zamukele indinganiso ye-CCS1, ngokwenani lama-supercharger okushaja okusheshayo kanye nesipiliyoni sokushaja, i-CCS1 isekela kakhulu i-Tesla NACS, emele u-60% wesabelo semakethe sase-United States. Yalandelwa yi-Electrify America, inkampani engaphansi kwe-Volkswagen, eno-12.7%, kanye ne-EVgo, eno-8.4%.
Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-US Department of Energy, ngomhlaka-21 Juni 2023, kuzoba neziteshi zokushaja ze-CCS1 ezingu-5,240 kanye neziteshi zokushaja ze-Tesla ezingu-1,803 e-United States. Kodwa-ke, i-Tesla inamaqoqo okushaja afinyelela ku-19,463, adlula i-US.I-CHAdeMO(Izimpande ezingu-6993) kanye ne-CCS1 (izimpande ezingu-10471). Njengamanje, i-Tesla ineziteshi zokushaja ezinkulu ezingu-5,000 kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja ezingaphezu kuka-45,000 emhlabeni jikelele, futhi kunezinqwaba zokushaja ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 emakethe yaseShayina.
Njengoba izinkampani zokushaja ama-pile kanye nezinsizakalo zokushaja zihlangana ukuze zisekele indinganiso ye-Tesla NACS, inani lama-pile okushaja amboziwe liya ngokuya likhula. I-ChargePoint and Blink e-United States, i-Wallbox NV eSpain, kanye ne-Tritium, umkhiqizi wemishini yokushaja izimoto kagesi e-Australia, bamemezele ukusekela indinganiso yokushaja ye-NACS. I-Electrify America, ebekwe endaweni yesibili e-United States, nayo ivumile ukujoyina uhlelo lwe-NACS. Ineziteshi zokushaja ezingaphezu kuka-850 kanye nama-charger okushaja okusheshayo angaba ngu-4,000 e-United States naseCanada.
Ngaphezu kokuphakama ngobuningi, izinkampani zezimoto “zithembela” esimisweni se-NACS se-Tesla, ngokuvamile ngenxa yesipiliyoni esingcono kune-CCS1.
Ipulagi yokushaja ye-Tesla NACS incane ngobukhulu, ilula ngesisindo, futhi inobungane kakhulu kubantu abakhubazekile nabesifazane. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ijubane lokushaja le-NACS liphindwe kabili kunele-CCS1, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokugcwalisa amandla kuphakeme. Lena yinkinga egxile kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezimoto zikagesi baseYurophu naseMelika.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemakethe yaseNyakatho Melika, imakethe yaseYurophuI-CCS2Izinga elijwayelekile lingelayini elifanayo nele-American standard CCS1. Liyizinga eliqalwe ngokuhlanganyela yi-Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), i-European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) kanye nabakhiqizi bezimoto abayisishiyagalombili abakhulu eJalimane nase-United States. Njengoba izinkampani zezimoto ezinkulu zaseYurophu ezifana neVolkswagen, Volvo, kanye neStellantis zivame ukusebenzisa izinga lokushaja le-NACS, izinga laseYurophu CCS2 libhekene nesikhathi esinzima.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi indinganiso yesistimu yokushaja ehlanganisiwe (CCS) ekhona ezimakethe zaseYurophu naseMelika ingase ilahlekelwe ngokushesha, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi iTesla NACS iyithathe indawo yayo futhi ibe indinganiso yemboni yangempela.
Nakuba izinkampani ezinkulu zezimoto zithi ziyaqhubeka nokusekela indinganiso yokushaja ye-CCS, iwukuthola uxhaso lukahulumeni kuphela lokwakha izimoto zikagesi kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja. Isibonelo, uhulumeni wobumbano wase-US uthi izimoto zikagesi kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja kuphela ezisekela indinganiso ye-CCS1 ezingathola isabelo sesibonelelo sikahulumeni esingu-$7.5 billion, ngisho ne-Tesla ayihlukile.
Nakuba iToyota ithengisa izimoto ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10 minyaka yonke, isimo sezinga lokushaja le-CHAdeMO elibuswa yiJapane siyahlazisa impela.
IJapan izimisele ukusungula amazinga emhlabeni jikelele, ngakho yasungula indinganiso ye-CHAdeMO yokushaja izimoto zikagesi kusenesikhathi. Yasungulwa ngokubambisana ngabakhiqizi bezimoto abahlanu baseJapan futhi yaqala ukukhuthazwa emhlabeni jikelele ngo-2010. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani zezimoto zaseJapan iToyota, iHonda nezinye zinamandla amakhulu ezimotweni zikaphethiloli nasezimotweni ezixubile, futhi bezilokhu zihamba kancane emakethe yezimoto zikagesi futhi azinalo ilungelo lokukhuluma. Ngenxa yalokho, le ndinganiso ayizange yamukelwe kabanzi, futhi isetshenziswa kuphela ezindaweni ezincane eJapan, eNyakatho Yurophu, nase-United States. , eNingizimu Korea, izoncipha kancane kancane esikhathini esizayo.
Izimoto zikagesi zaseShayina zinkulu kakhulu, kanti ukuthengiswa kwaminyaka yonke kubalwa ngaphezu kwama-60% esabelo somhlaba. Ngisho noma kungacatshangelwa ubukhulu bokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, imakethe enkulu yokusatshalaliswa kwangaphakathi yanele ukusekela indinganiso yokushaja ehlangene. Kodwa-ke, izimoto zikagesi zaseShayina ziya emhlabeni wonke, futhi inani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuthi lidlule isigidi esisodwa ngo-2023. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlala ngemuva kweminyango evaliwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-17-2023