NgoSepthemba 13, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi wamemezela ukuthi i-GB/T 20234.1-2023 "Amadivayisi Okuxhumanisa Okushaja Okuqondisa Ugesi Ingxenye 1: Inhloso Ejwayelekile" isanda kuphakanyiswa yi-Ministry of Industry and Information Technology futhi ngaphansi kwegunya le-National Technical Committee for Automotive Standardization. Izidingo" kanye ne-GB/T 20234.3-2023 "Amadivayisi Okuxhumanisa Okushaja Okuqondisa Ugesi Ingxenye 3: I-DC Charging Interface" izindinganiso ezimbili zikazwelonke ezinconyiwe zakhishwa ngokusemthethweni.
Ngenkathi ngilandela izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ze-DC charging interface zamanje zezwe lami futhi ngiqinisekisa ukuhambisana okubanzi kwe-charging interfaces ezintsha nezindala, indinganiso entsha ikhulisa i-charging current ephezulu kusuka kuma-amps angu-250 kuya kuma-amps angu-800 kanye namandla okushaja kuya ku-800 kw, futhi yengeza ukupholisa okusebenzayo, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kanye nezinye izici ezihlobene. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe, ukwenza ngcono kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokuhlola zezakhiwo zemishini, amadivayisi okukhiya, impilo yesevisi, njll.
UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi ukhombe ukuthi amazinga okushaja ayisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi nezindawo zokushaja kanye nokushaja okuphephile nokuthembekile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengoba ibanga lokushayela izimoto zikagesi landa futhi izinga lokushaja lamabhethri kagesi landa, abathengi banesidingo esinamandla ngokwengeziwe sokuba izimoto zigcwalise amandla kagesi ngokushesha. Ubuchwepheshe obusha, amafomethi amasha ebhizinisi, kanye nezidingo ezintsha ezimelelwa "ukushaja kwe-DC enamandla aphezulu" kuyaqhubeka nokuvela, sekuyinto evamile embonini ukusheshisa ukubuyekezwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezindinganiso zokuqala ezihlobene nezixhumi zokushaja.
Ngokusho kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja izimoto zikagesi kanye nesidingo sokushaja ngokushesha, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uhlele iKomidi Lobuchwepheshe Likazwelonke Lokumisa Izimoto ukuze liqedele ukubuyekezwa kwezindinganiso ezimbili zikazwelonke ezinconyiwe, okufezwe ukuthuthukiswa okusha kunguqulo yokuqala ka-2015 yohlelo lwezinga likazwelonke (olwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi indinganiso ethi "2015 +"), ekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuzivumelanisa nemvelo, ukuphepha kanye nokuthembeka kwamadivayisi okuxhumanisa ukushaja okuqhubayo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zangempela zokushaja okunamandla aphansi kanye namandla aphezulu e-DC.
Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uzohlela amayunithi afanele ukuze enze ukusakazwa okujulile, ukukhuthazwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindinganiso ezimbili zikazwelonke, akhuthaze ukukhuthazwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kokushaja kwe-DC okunamandla aphezulu kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, futhi adale indawo yokuthuthukiswa esezingeni eliphezulu embonini yezimoto ezintsha zamandla kanye nemboni yezindawo zokushaja. Indawo enhle. Ukushaja kancane bekulokhu kuyiphuzu eliyinhloko embonini yezimoto zikagesi.
Ngokusho kombiko we-Soochow Securities, isilinganiso sokushaja esimaphakathi samamodeli athengisa kakhulu asekela ukushaja okusheshayo ngo-2021 cishe singu-1C (u-C umele izinga lokushaja lesistimu yebhethri. Ngokwemibandela evamile, ukushaja kwe-1C kungashaja uhlelo lwebhethri ngokugcwele ngemizuzu engama-60), okungukuthi, kuthatha cishe imizuzu engama-30 ukushaja ukuze kufinyelelwe ku-SOC 30%-80%, futhi impilo yebhethri icishe ibe ngu-219km (izinga le-NEDC).
Empeleni, izimoto eziningi zikagesi ezihlanzekile zidinga imizuzu engama-40-50 yokushaja ukuze zifinyelele ku-SOC 30%-80% futhi zingahamba cishe amakhilomitha ayi-150-200. Uma isikhathi sokungena nokuphuma esiteshini sokushaja (cishe imizuzu eyi-10) sifakiwe, imoto kagesi ehlanzekile ethatha cishe ihora elilodwa ukushaja ingashayela emgwaqweni omkhulu isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora elilodwa.
Ukukhuthazwa nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufana nokushaja kwe-DC enamandla amakhulu kuzodinga ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kwenethiwekhi yokushaja esikhathini esizayo. UMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe ngaphambilini wethule ukuthi izwe lami manje selakhe inethiwekhi yesikhungo sokushaja enenani elikhulu kakhulu lemishini yokushaja kanye nendawo enkulu kakhulu yokumboza. Iningi lezikhungo ezintsha zokushaja zomphakathi ikakhulukazi yimishini yokushaja okusheshayo ye-DC enamandla angu-120kW noma ngaphezulu.Izinqwaba zokushaja kancane ze-AC ezingu-7kWsekuyindinganiso emkhakheni ozimele. Ukusetshenziswa kokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kuye kwathandwa kakhulu emkhakheni wezimoto ezikhethekile. Izikhungo zokushaja zomphakathi zinenethiwekhi yamafu yokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela. amakhono, ukuthola inqwaba ye-APP kanye nokukhokha ku-inthanethi kuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi ubuchwepheshe obusha njengokushaja ngamandla aphezulu, ukushaja kwe-DC ngamandla aphansi, ukuxhumeka kokushaja okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokushaja okuhlelekile kuyathuthukiswa kancane kancane.
Esikhathini esizayo, uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe uzogxila kubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kanye nemishini yokushaja nokushintshana ngokubambisana okuphumelelayo, njengobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuxhumana kwamafu ezimoto, izindlela zokuhlela izikhungo zokushaja kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphatha ukushaja ngokuhlelekile, ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokushaja okungenantambo okunamandla amakhulu, kanye nobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokushintsha amabhethri kagesi ngokushesha. Qinisa ucwaningo lwesayensi nolwezobuchwepheshe.
Ngokolunye uhlangothi,ukushaja kwe-DC okunamandla aphezuluibeka izidingo eziphakeme ekusebenzeni kwamabhethri kagesi, izingxenye ezibalulekile zezimoto zikagesi.
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwe-Soochow Securities, okokuqala, ukwandisa izinga lokushaja kwebhethri kuphambene nomgomo wokwandisa ubuningi bamandla, ngoba izinga eliphezulu lidinga izinhlayiya ezincane zezinto ze-electrode ezinhle nezimbi zebhethri, kanti ubuningi bamandla aphezulu budinga izinhlayiya ezinkulu zezinto ze-electrode ezinhle nezimbi.
Okwesibili, ukushaja ngesivinini esiphezulu esimweni samandla aphezulu kuzoletha ukusabela okubi kakhulu kwe-lithium deposition kanye nemiphumela yokukhiqizwa kokushisa ebhethrini, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukuphepha kwebhethri.
Phakathi kwazo, izinto ze-electrode engalungile yebhethri yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezivimbela ukushaja okusheshayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-graphite ye-electrode engalungile yenziwe ngamashidi e-graphene, futhi ama-ion e-lithium angena eshidini ngokusebenzisa imiphetho. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja okusheshayo, i-electrode engalungile ifinyelela ngokushesha umkhawulo wekhono layo lokumunca ama-ion, futhi ama-ion e-lithium aqala ukwakha i-lithium yensimbi eqinile phezulu kwezinhlayiya ze-graphite, okungukuthi, ukwenziwa kwe-Lithium precipitation side reaction. I-lithium precipitation izonciphisa indawo ephumelelayo ye-electrode engalungile yokuthi ama-ion e-lithium afakwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunciphisa amandla ebhethri, kwandisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi, futhi kufinyeze isikhathi sokuphila. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakristalu esibonakalayo ayakhula futhi abhoboze isihlukanisi, okuthinta ukuphepha.
USolwazi Wu Ningning kanye nabanye abavela eShanghai Handwe Industry Co., Ltd. nabo babhale ngaphambilini ukuthi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lokushaja okusheshayo kwamabhethri kagesi, kubalulekile ukwandisa isivinini sokufuduka kwama-ion e-lithium ezintweni ze-cathode yebhethri nokusheshisa ukufakwa kwama-ion e-lithium ezintweni ze-anode. Thuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-ionic kwe-electrolyte, khetha isihlukanisi sokushaja okusheshayo, thuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-ionic kanye ne-electronic kwe-electrode, bese ukhetha isu lokushaja elifanele.
Kodwa-ke, abathengi abangakulangazelela ukuthi kusukela ngonyaka odlule, izinkampani zamabhethri zasekhaya seziqalile ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa amabhethri okushaja ngokushesha. Ngo-Agasti kulo nyaka, i-CATL ehamba phambili ikhiphe ibhethri elinamandla okushayela i-4C Shenxing elisekelwe ohlelweni lwe-lithium iron phosphate oluhle (i-4C isho ukuthi ibhethri lingashajwa ngokugcwele ngekota yehora), elingafinyelela "imizuzu eyi-10 yokushaja kanye nobubanzi besivinini sokushaja esingu-400 kw". Ngaphansi kokushisa okujwayelekile, ibhethri lingashajwa ku-80% SOC ngemizuzu eyi-10. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-CATL isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukushisa kweseli epulatifomu yesistimu, okungashisa ngokushesha kufike ebangeni lokushisa elifanele lokusebenza ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Ngisho nasendaweni eshisa kakhulu engu--10°C, ingashajwa ku-80% ngemizuzu engama-30, futhi ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, ukusheshisa kwesivinini esingaphansi kwe-Zero-1000 akuboli esimweni sikagesi.
Ngokusho kwe-CATL, amabhethri e-Shenxing ashajwe kakhulu azokhiqizwa ngobuningi kulo nyaka futhi azoba ngawokuqala ukusetshenziswa kumamodeli e-Avita.
Ibhethri lika-CATL i-4C Kirin elishaja ngokushesha elisekelwe ezintweni ze-lithium cathode ezintathu nalo lethule imodeli kagesi ehlanzekile efanelekile kulo nyaka, futhi muva nje lethule i-supercar yokuzingela esezingeni eliphezulu i-001FR enamandla kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwe-Ningde Times, phakathi kwezinye izinkampani zamabhethri zasekhaya, i-China New Aviation ibeke imizila emibili, eyindilinga eyisikwele neyindilinga enkulu, emkhakheni wokushaja okusheshayo okungu-800V high-voltage. Amabhethri ayisikwele asekela ukushaja okusheshayo okungu-4C, kanti amabhethri amakhulu ayindilinga asekela ukushaja okusheshayo okungu-6C. Ngokuphathelene nesixazululo sebhethri le-prismatic, i-China Innovation Aviation inikeza i-Xpeng G9 isizukulwane esisha samabhethri ensimbi e-lithium ashaja ngokushesha kanye namabhethri e-ternary aphakathi nendawo e-nickel athuthukiswe ngokusekelwe epulatifomu ephezulu engu-800V, engafinyelela i-SOC kusuka ku-10% kuya ku-80% ngemizuzu engama-20.
I-Honeycomb Energy ikhiphe i-Dragon Scale Battery ngo-2022. Ibhethri liyahambisana nezixazululo ezigcwele zesistimu yamakhemikhali njenge-iron-lithium, i-ternary, kanye ne-cobalt-free. Ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokushaja okusheshayo ze-1.6C-6C futhi ingafakwa kumamodeli ochungechunge lwe-A00-D-class. Imodeli kulindeleke ukuthi ifakwe ekukhiqizweni okukhulu kwikota yesine ka-2023.
I-Yiwei Lithium Energy izokhipha uhlelo olukhulu lwebhethri eliyi-cylindrical π ngo-2023. Ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa bebhethri "π" bungaxazulula inkinga yokushaja okusheshayo nokushisa kwamabhethri. Amabhethri ayo amakhulu angama-cylindrical angu-46 kulindeleke ukuthi akhiqizwe ngobuningi futhi alethwe kwikota yesithathu ka-2023.
Ngo-Agasti kulo nyaka, iSunwanda Company iphinde yatshela abatshalizimali ukuthi ibhethri "le-flash charge" eliqalwe yinkampani njengamanje emakethe ye-BEV lingashintshwa libe yizinhlelo ze-voltage ephezulu engu-800V kanye nezinhlelo ze-voltage evamile engu-400V. Imikhiqizo yebhethri ye-4C yokushaja okusheshayo kakhulu ifinyelele ekukhiqizweni okukhulu kwikota yokuqala. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-4C-6C "okushaja kwe-flash" kuqhubeka kahle, futhi sonke isimo singafinyelela impilo yebhethri engu-400 kw ngemizuzu eyi-10.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-17-2023