NgoSepthemba 13, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi umemezele ukuthi i-GB/T 20234.1-2023 "Amadivayisi Axhumayo Wokushaja Okuqhutshwayo Kwezimoto zikagesi Ingxenye 1: Inhloso Ejwayelekile" isanda kuhlongozwa uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi futhi ngaphansi kolawulo lweKomidi Likazwelonke Lobuchwepheshe Lokulinganiswa Kwezimoto. Izidingo" kanye ne-GB/T 20234.3-2023 "Amadivayisi Axhumayo Wokushaja Okuqhutshwayo Kwezimoto zikagesi Ingxenye 3: Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja se-DC" izindinganiso zikazwelonke ezimbili ezinconyiwe zikhishwe ngokusemthethweni.
Ngenkathi ngilandela izixazululo zobuchwepheshe zezwe lami zamanje zokushaja kwe-DC futhi ngiqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwendawo yonke yezindawo zokushaja ezintsha nezindala, izinga elisha linyusa izinga eliphezulu lokushaja lisuka ku-250 amps liye kuma-amps angu-800 kanye namandla okushaja ukuze800kw, futhi yengeza ukupholisa okusebenzayo, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa nezinye izici ezihlobene. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokuhlola zezakhiwo eziwumshini, amadivaysi okukhiya, impilo yesevisi, njll.
UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uveze ukuthi izindinganiso zokushaja ziyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi nezindawo zokushaja kanye nokushaja okuphephile nokuthembekile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengoba uhla lokushayela kwezimoto zikagesi lukhula kanye nezinga lokushaja lamabhethri anamandla likhula, abathengi banesidingo esikhulayo esikhulayo sokuthi izimoto zigcwalise ngokushesha amandla kagesi. Ubuchwepheshe obusha, amafomethi ebhizinisi amasha, kanye nezimfuno ezintsha ezimelelwe "ukushaja kwe-DC okunamandla amakhulu" kuyaqhubeka kuya Kuvelayo, sekube ukuvumelana okujwayelekile embonini ukusheshisa ukubuyekezwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamazinga okuqala ahlobene nokushaja kokuxhumana.
Ngokokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja izimoto zikagesi kanye nesidingo sokushajwa kabusha ngokushesha, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uhlele iNational Automotive Standardization Technical Committee ukuze iqedele ukubuyekezwa kwamazinga kazwelonke amabili anconyiwe, ithole ukuthuthukiswa okusha kwenguqulo yokuqala yango-2015 yohlelo olujwayelekile lukazwelonke (olwaziwa ngokuthi "2015 +" standard), elivumela ukuhambisana nezimo zemvelo, ukuguquguquka kwemvelo kanye nokuvumelana nezimo nokuphepha. ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zangempela ze-DC amandla aphansi kanye nokushaja kwamandla aphezulu.
Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uzohlela amayunithi afanele ukuze enze ukwaziswa okujulile, ukukhushulwa kanye nokuqaliswa kwamazinga amabili kazwelonke, akhuthaze ukugqugquzelwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kokushaja kwe-DC okunamandla amakhulu nobunye ubuchwepheshe, futhi adale indawo yokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni entsha yezimoto zamandla kanye nemboni yezindawo zokushaja. Indawo enhle. Ukushaja kancane bekulokhu kuyinkinga eyinhloko embonini yezimoto zikagesi.
Ngokombiko we-Soochow Securities, isilinganiso sokushaja esimaphakathi setiyori samamodeli adayiswayo ashisayo asekela ukushaja okusheshayo ngo-2021 sicishe sibe ngu-1C (C simele izinga lokushaja lesistimu yebhethri. Ngokwemibandela yabantu abavamile, ukushaja okungu-1C kungashaja ngokugcwele isistimu yebhethri ngemizuzu engu-60) , okusho ukuthi, kuthatha imizuzu engu-30, ibhethri ye-SOC engu-30% kanye no-30% ukufeza cishe u-30%. impilo imayelana 219km (NEDC standard).
Empeleni, izimoto eziningi zikagesi ezihlanzekile zidinga imizuzu engu-40-50 yokushaja ukuze zifinyelele ku-SOC 30% -80% futhi zingahamba cishe u-150-200km. Uma isikhathi sokungena nokuphuma esiteshini sokushaja (cishe imizuzu eyi-10) sifakiwe, imoto kagesi emsulwa ethatha cishe ihora elingu-1 ukushaja ingashayela kuphela emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora elingu-1.
Ukukhuthazwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufana nokushaja kwe-DC okunamandla amakhulu kuzodinga ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kwenethiwekhi yokushaja esikhathini esizayo. Phambilini uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe wethula ukuthi izwe lami manje selakhe inethiwekhi yesikhungo sokushaja enenani elikhulu kakhulu lezinto zokushaja kanye nendawo enkulu kunazo zonke ehlanganisayo. Iningi lezindawo ezintsha zokushaja zingumshini wokushaja osheshayo we-DC onamandla angu-120kW noma ngaphezulu.7kW AC inqwaba yokushaja kancaneseziphenduke izinga embonini ezimele. Ukusetshenziswa kokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kuye kwaduma kakhulu emkhakheni wezimoto ezikhethekile. Izikhungo zokushaja zomphakathi zinenkundla yenethiwekhi yamafu yokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela. amakhono, ukuthola inqwaba ye-APP kanye nokukhokha nge-inthanethi sekusetshenziswe kabanzi, futhi ubuchwepheshe obusha njengokushaja kwamandla amakhulu, ukushaja kwe-DC okunamandla aphansi, ukuxhuma okuzenzakalelayo kokushaja nokushaja okuhlelekile kancane kancane kwenziwa ngezimboni.
Ngokuzayo, uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe uzogxila kubuchwepheshe obubalulekile namathuluzi okushaja ngokubambisana okuphumelelayo nokushintshaniswa, njengobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuxhumanisa amafu enqwaba yezimoto, izindlela zokuhlela indawo yokushaja kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphatha ukushaja ngokuhlelekile, ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokushaja okungenantambo okunamandla amakhulu, kanye nobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokushintshwa kwamabhethri asheshayo. Qinisa ucwaningo lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe.
Ngokolunye uhlangothi,ukushaja okunamandla kwe-DCibeka izidingo eziphakeme ekusebenzeni kwamabhethri kagesi, izingxenye ezibalulekile zezimoto zikagesi.
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwe-Soochow Securities, okokuqala, ukukhulisa izinga lokushaja kwebhethri kuphambene nomgomo wokwandisa amandla, ngoba izinga eliphezulu lidinga izinhlayiya ezincane zezinto ze-electrode ezinhle nezimbi zebhethri, futhi ukuphakama kwamandla aphezulu kudinga izinhlayiya ezinkulu zezinto ezinhle nezimbi ze-electrode.
Okwesibili, ukushaja okuphezulu esimweni samandla aphezulu kuzoletha ukusabela okuseceleni kwe-lithium okubucayi kakhulu kanye nemiphumela yokukhiqiza ukushisa kubhethri, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokuphepha kwebhethri.
Phakathi kwazo, i-electrode eyi-negative yebhethri iyisici esinqunyelwe sokushaja ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-graphite ye-electrode negative yenziwe ngamashidi e-graphene, futhi i-lithium ion ingena eshidini ngokusebenzisa imiphetho. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenqubo yokushaja okusheshayo, i-electrode engalungile ifinyelela ngokushesha umkhawulo wekhono layo lokumunca ama-ion, futhi i-lithium ion iqala ukwakha i-lithium yensimbi eqinile phezulu kwezinhlayiya ze-graphite, okungukuthi, isizukulwane se-Lithium precipitation side reaction. Imvula ye-lithium izonciphisa indawo esebenzayo ye-electrode engeyinhle ukuze kushunyekwe ama-ion e-lithium. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inciphisa umthamo webhethri, ikhuphule ukumelana nangaphakathi, futhi ifinyeze ubude bempilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakristalu esixhumi esibonakalayo akhula futhi abhoboze isihlukanisi, okuthinta ukuphepha.
USolwazi u-Wu Ningning nabanye abavela e-Shanghai Handwe Industry Co., Ltd. nabo babhale ngaphambilini ukuthi ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okushaja okusheshayo amabhethri wamandla, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ijubane lokufuduka lama-ion e-lithium ku-cathode yebhethri impahla futhi kusheshiswe ukushumeka kwe-lithium ion ku-anode material. Thuthukisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-ionic ye-electrolyte, khetha isihlukanisi esishaja ngokushesha, thuthukisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-ionic ne-electronic kwe-electrode, bese ukhetha isu lokushaja elifanelekile.
Kodwa-ke, abathengi abangabheka phambili kukho ukuthi kusukela ngonyaka odlule, izinkampani zebhethri zasekhaya seziqalile ukuthuthukisa futhi zisebenzisa amabhethri ashaja ngokushesha. Ngo-August kulo nyaka, i-CATL ehamba phambili yakhipha ibhethri elibiza kakhulu le-4C Shenxing elisekelwe ohlelweni oluhle lwe-lithium iron phosphate (4C isho ukuthi ibhethri lingashajwa ngokugcwele ngekota yehora), elingafinyelela "imizuzu eyi-10 yokushaja kanye nebanga elingu-400 kw" Isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo. Ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile, ibhethri lingashajwa libe ngu-80% SOC emizuzwini eyi-10. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-CATL isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinga lokushisa kweseli ku-platform yesistimu, engakwazi ukushisa ngokushesha ebangeni lokushisa elilungile lokusebenza ezindaweni eziphansi lokushisa. Ngisho nasendaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphansi elingu-10 ° C, ingakhokhiswa ku-80% emaminithini angu-30, futhi ngisho nasezindaweni eziphansi lokushisa okuphansi Ukusheshisa kwe-Zero-hund-hund-hund-speed akuboli esimweni sikagesi.
Ngokusho kwe-CATL, amabhethri e-Shenxing ashajwe kakhulu azokhiqizwa ngobuningi kulo nyaka futhi azoba ngewokuqala ukusetshenziswa kumamodeli e-Avita.
Ibhethri ye-CATL ye-4C Kirin eshaja ngokushesha esekelwe ku-ternary lithium cathode material nayo yethule imodeli kagesi ehlanzekile kulo nyaka, futhi isanda kwethula i-krypton luxury hunting supercar 001FR.
Ngaphezu kwe-Ningde Times, phakathi kwezinye izinkampani zamabhethri asekhaya, i-China New Aviation iye yabeka imizila emibili, isikwele kanye ne-cylindrical enkulu, emkhakheni wokushaja okusheshayo kwe-800V high-voltage. Amabhethri ayisikwele asekela ukushaja okusheshayo okungu-4C, namabhethri amakhulu ayisilinda asekela ukushaja okusheshayo okungu-6C. Maqondana nesixazululo sebhethri le-prismatic, i-China Innovation Aviation ihlinzeka i-Xpeng G9 ngesizukulwane esisha samabhethri ensimbi e-lithium ashaja ngokushesha namabhethri e-medium-nickel high-voltage ternary athuthukiswe ngokusekelwe kuplathifomu yamandla kagesi aphezulu angu-800V, engafinyelela i-SOC isuka ku-10% iye ku-80% emizuzwini engu-20.
I-Honeycomb Energy ikhiphe i-Dragon Scale Battery ngo-2022. Ibhethri lihambisana nezixazululo ezigcwele zesistimu yamakhemikhali njenge-iron-lithium, i-ternary, ne-cobalt-free. Ihlanganisa amasistimu wokushaja okusheshayo angu-1.6C-6C futhi ingafakwa kumamodeli ochungechunge lwe-A00-D-class. Imodeli kulindeleke ukuthi ifakwe ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi engxenyeni yesine ka-2023.
I-Yiwei Lithium Energy izokhipha isistimu yebhethri eyicylindrical π enkulu ngo-2023. Ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa bebhethri "π" bungaxazulula inkinga yokushaja okusheshayo nokushisisa kwamabhethri. Amabhethri ayo amakhulu angama-46 angama-cylindrical kulindeleke ukuthi akhiqizwe ngobuningi futhi alethwe ngekota yesithathu ka-2023.
Ngo-Agasti walo nyaka, Inkampani ye-Sunwanda iphinde yatshela abatshalizimali ukuthi ibhethri "le-flash charge" eyethulwe inkampani emakethe ye-BEV njengamanje ingashintshwa ibe yi-800V high-voltage kanye nesistimu ye-voltage evamile engu-400V. Imikhiqizo yebhethri ye-4C eshaja ngokushesha kakhulu izuze ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwikota yokuqala. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri "e-flash charger" e-4C-6C kuqhubeka kahle, futhi sonke isimo singazuza impilo yebhethri engu-400 kw emizuzwini eyi-10.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-17-2023