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1.1. I-Charging Pile iyithuluzi lesengezo lamandla ezimoto ezintsha zamandla
I-Charging Pile iyithuluzi lezimoto ezintsha ze-Energy ukwengeza amandla kagesi. Kusezimotweni ezintsha zamandla ukuthi yini isiteshi segesi ezithutha izimoto. Ukuhlelwa kanye nezimo zokusebenzisa zezinqwaba zokushaja zivumelana neziteshi zegesi, kanti nezinhlobo ziye zacebile. Ngokuya ngefomu lokufaka, lingahlukaniswa libe yinqwaba yokushaja odongeni, ama-vertical ashaja ama-tile, izinqwaba zokushaja kweselula, njll., Ezilungele amafomu esayithi ahlukile;
Ngokusho kokuhlukaniswa kwezimo zokusebenzisa, kungahlukaniswa ngezingcingo ezishaja umphakathi, izinqwaba ezikhethekile zokushaja, izinqwaba zokushaja komphakathi zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zenqwaba yezokwakha, ngenkathi kufakwa izinqwaba zokushaja ezizimele kwizinqwaba zokushaja. Izikhala zokupaka, ezingavuli emphakathini;
Ngokusho kokuhlukaniswa ngejubane lokushaja (amandla okushaja), kungahlukaniswa kube yizinqwaba zokushaja okusheshayo kanye nenqwaba yokushaja; Ngokusho kokuhlukaniswa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja, kungahlukaniswa ku-DC ukushaja izinqwaba kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja. Ngokuvamile, ama-DC ukushaja ama-Piles anamandla aphezulu okushaja kanye nesivinini sokushaja ngokushesha, ngenkathi i-AC ishaja ama-pils ashelelayo.
E-United States, ama-tile ashaja ajwayele ukuhlukaniswa ngamazinga ahlukene ngokwezinga, phakathi kwaloIleveli 2zivame ukushaja izinqwaba, ezilungele cishe zonke izimoto ezintsha ze-Energy, kuyilapho ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-Tributary akufaneleki kuzo zonke izimoto ezintsha zamandla, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zithathwe ngokususelwa kumazinga ahlukile afana ne-J1772, eChademo, e-Tesla, njll.
Njengamanje, awekho okuhlangene ngokuphelele nokushaja okujwayelekile kokushaja emhlabeni. Izindinganiso eziphambili ezibonakalayo zifaka phakathi i-GB / T yaseChina, i-European Unic IEC 62196, i-United States 'Sae J177, ne-IEC 62196.
1.2. Ukukhula kwezimoto ezintsha kanye nosizo lwenqubomgomo Drinta intuthuko esimeme yokushaja izinqwaba ezweni lami
Imboni yemoto entsha yezwe lami ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Izimoto ezintsha zezwe ezintsha ziyaqhubeka zikhula, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2020, isilinganiso sokungena kwezimoto ezintsha sikhuphuke ngokushesha, futhi ngo-2022 izinga lokungena kwezimoto ezintsha selidlule ama-25%. Inani lezimoto ezintsha ze-Energy lizoqhubeka nokwanda. Ngokwezibalo zoMnyango Wezokuphepha Komphakathi, ingxenye yezimoto ezintsha ze-ENECE ENACECE ENTSHE ZAMAZWI ngo-2022 izofinyelela ku-4.1%.
Umbuso ukhiphe izinqubomgomo eziningi zokusekela ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha we-Charging Pile. Ukuthengisa nobunikazi bezimoto ezintsha zezwe ezweni lami kuyaqhubeka ukukhula, futhi ngokulandelana, isidingo sezindawo zokushaja siyaqhubeka sikhula. Mayelana nalokhu, iminyango yendawo efanelekile kanye neminye imininingwane ikhiphe izinqubomgomo eziningi zokukhuthaza ngamandla ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yenqwaba yokushaja, kufaka phakathi ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo nokuholwa, izimali zokwenziwa kwezimali, kanye nezinhloso zokwakha.
Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwezimoto ezintsha kanye nokukhuthaza kwenqubomgomo, inani lokushaja izinqwaba zezwe lami liyaqhubeka nokukhula. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2023, inani lokushaja izinqwaba zezwe lami lingu-6.092 million. Phakathi kwazo, inani lezinqwaba zomphakathi ezishaja lenyuka ngonyaka ka-52% ngonyaka kuya ku-2.025 million amayunithi, lapho ama-DC ashaja izinqwaba ezibalwa ngo-42% futhiI-AC ishaja izinqwabaiphendulwe ngo-58%. Njengoba izinqwaba zokushaja ngasese zivame ukuqoqwa ngezimoto, ukukhula kobunikazi kukhulu kakhulu. Ngokushesha, ngokunyuka konyaka ngonyaka ka-104% kuya ku-4.067 million amayunithi.
Isilinganiso se-Pile-To-Pile ezweni lami ngu-2,5: 1, lapho isilinganiso semoto yomphakathi-to-inqwaba singu-7.3: 1. Isilinganiso semoto-kuya-inqwaba, okungukuthi, isilinganiso sezimoto ezintsha zamandla ukushaja izinqwaba. Ngokombono wokusungula, ngasekupheleni kuka-2022, isilinganiso sezimoto eziya ezinqwaba ezweni lami kuzoba ngu-2,5: 1, futhi inkambiso yonke iyancipha kancane, okungukuthi, izindawo zokushaja zezimoto ezintsha zihlala zithuthukiswa. Phakathi kwazo, isilinganiso sezimoto zomphakathi kuya ku-7.3: 1, esikhule kancane kancane kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2020. Isizathu ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zikhule ngokushesha futhi izinga lokukhula lidlule inqubekela phambili yokwakha yezinqwaba zokushaja umphakathi; Isilinganiso sezimoto ezizimele kuya ezinqwaba ngu-3.8: 1, ekhombisa ukwehla kancane kancane. Lo mkhuba ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezici ezinjengokukhuthaza okusebenzayo kwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezilandelwayo ezizimele emiphakathini yokuhlala.
Ngokuya ngokuqhekeka kwezingcingo ezishaja umphakathi, inani lezinqwaba ze-DC yomphakathi: Inani lama-Public AC Pilles ≈ 4: 6, ngakho-ke isilinganiso senqwaba ye-DC ecishe ibe ngu-17.2: 1, okuphakeme kunesilinganiso sezinqwaba zomphakathi ze-12.6: 1.
Isilinganiso sokukhuphula imoto-to-pile sibonisa ukuthambekela kokuthuthuka kancane kancane. Ngokwephuzu lokubukwa okukhuphukayo, ngoba ama-Tires amasha ashaja njalo ngenyanga, ahlobene kakhulu nokuthengisa kwezimoto ezintsha ze-Energy, zinokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwesilinganiso senqwaba yezimoto entsha. Ngakho-ke, ikota i-caliber isetshenziselwa ukubala isilinganiso semoto-kuya-inqwaba, okungukuthi, umthamo wokuthengisa wezimoto ezintsha ezintsha ezisanda kufakwa: inani lezinqwaba ezisanda kufakwa ukushaja. Ku-202311, isilinganiso esisha se-car-to-pile singu-2,5: 1, sibonisa ukuthambekela phansi kancane kancane. Phakathi kwazo, isilinganiso esisha se-car-to-paile singu-9.8: 1, kanye nesilinganiso esisanda kufakwa i-car-to-to-to-petio nge-3.4: 1, okukhombisa ukuthuthuka okukhulu. umkhuba.
1.3. Ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokushaja kwaphesheya kwezilwandle aziphelele, futhi amandla okukhula akhuthazayo
1.3.1. I-Europe: Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha kwehlukile, kepha kukhona izikhala ekushaja izinqwaba
Izimoto ezintsha zamandla eYurophu zikhula ngokushesha futhi zinezinga eliphakeme lokungena. I-Europe ingenye yezindawo ezinamathisela ukubaluleka kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwemvelo emhlabeni. Iqhutshwa izinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo, imboni yemoto entsha yaseYurophu ikhula ngokushesha futhi izinga lokungena lamandla amasha liphezulu. Kufinyelelwe ku-21.2%.
Isilinganiso semoto-to-futio eYurophu siphakeme, futhi kunegebe elikhulu ezikhungweni zokushaja. Ngokusho kwezibalo ze-IEA, isilinganiso sezinqwaba zezimoto zomphakathi eYurophu kuzoba cishe ngo-14.4: 1 ngo-2022, lapho kutholakala khona ama-villaty ashelelezi ashelelezi azolandisa ngo-13%. Yize imakethe yemoto entsha yaseYurophu ikhula ngokushesha, ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokushaja okuhambisana nakho emuva, futhi kunezinkinga ezifana nezindawo ezimbalwa zokushaja kanye nesivinini esincipha kancane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha akunakulingani phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu, futhi isilinganiso sezimoto zomphakathi eziya ezinqwaba nakwahlukile. Ngokuya ngaphansi kokuhlukaniswa, neNorway neSweden banesilinganiso esiphakeme sokungena emandla amasha, bafinyelela ama-73.5% no-49.1% ngokulandelana kwa-2022, futhi isilinganiso sezimoto zomphakathi kuya phezulu kunesilinganiso saseYurophu, sifinyelela ku-32.8: 1 no-25.0 ngokulandelana: 1.
IJalimane, umbuso ohlangene, noFrance ngamazwe amakhulu okuthengisa e-Europe, kanye nezinga lokungena lamandla amasha liphezulu. Ngo-2022, amazinga okuququma kwamandla amasha eJalimane, e-United Kingdom, futhi iFrance izofika ngo-28.2%, ama-20.3%, futhi izilinganiso zenqwaba yemoto zizoba ngo-24: 1, no-11.8: 1, naku-11.8: 1, ngokulandelana.
Mayelana nezinqubomgomo, i-European Union kanye namazwe amaningi aseYurophu angenise ngempumelelo izinqubomgomo zokukhuthaza noma ukukhokhisa izinqubomgomo ezihlobene nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokushaja ukukhuthaza izikhungo zokushaja.
1.3.2. I-United States: Izikhungo zokushaja zidinga ukuthuthukiswa ngokuphuthumayo, futhi uhulumeni namabhizinisi asebenze ngokubambisana
Njengenye yezimakethe ezinkulu ze-auto emhlabeni, i-United States yenze intuthuko kancane emkhakheni wamandla amasha kuneChina naseYurophu. Ngo-2022, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ze-Energy zizodlula izigidi eziyi-1, ngesilinganiso sokungena esingu-7.0%.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yenqwaba yomphakathi e-United States nakho kuhamba kancane, futhi izindawo zokushaja zomphakathi aziphelele. Ngo-2022, isilinganiso sezimoto zomphakathi ezinhlafunweni e-United States zizoba ngama-23.1: 1, lapho kutholakala khona ama-his ashaja omphakathi we-21.9%.
I-United States namanye amazwe abuye ahlongoze nezinqubomgomo zokuvuselela izikhungo zokushaja, kufaka phakathi iphrojekthi kahulumeni wase-US ukwakha ama-500,000 ama-Pires ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5 7.5. Inani eliphelele elitholakala ngaphansi kohlelo lweNevi lungama- $ 615 million kuFY 2022 kanye nama- $ 885 million kuHlelo Olubambe iqhaza e-US Federal Gosteral, kanye no-55% wazo zonke izindleko zezakhi zidinga ukuvela e-United States.
Ngaphezu kwezinkampani zenqubomgomo, izinkampani zezinkampani zezinhlanzi ezishaja nezinkampani zezimoto nazo zikhuthaze ngenkuthalo yokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokushaja, kanye nokuvulwa kukaTesla kwengxenye yenethiwekhi yokushaja, kanye nokukhokhisa, i-BP nezinye izinkampani zezimoto zibambisana nokuyakha izinqwaba.
Izinkampani eziningi zokushaja izinkampani ezizungeze umhlaba wonke ziyatshala imali ngentshiseko e-United States ukusungula indlunkulu entsha, izikhungo noma imigqa yokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza amaphakethe akhokhisa e-United States.
2. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komkhakha, imakethe ye-phesheya yokushaja i-Pile ivumelana nezimo
2.1. Isithiyo sokukhiqiza amanga kwimodyuli yokushaja, kanye nesithiyo sokuya phesheya kwezilwandle esitimekweni esijwayelekile
2.1.1. I-AC Pile inezithiyo eziphansi, futhi umnyombo we-DC PILE yimodyuli yokushaja
Izithiyo zokukhiqiza ze-AC ukushaja amaphayiphu aphansi, kanye nemodyuli yokushaja inI-DC ishaja izinqwabaIngxenye esemqoka. Ngokombono womgomo wokusebenza nesakhiwo sokwakhiwa, ukuguqulwa kwe-AC / DC yezimoto ezintsha ze-Energy zenziwa nge-On-Board Izimoto eziphakathi kwemoto ngaphakathi kwemoto ngesikhathi sokushaja kwe-AC, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwenqwaba ye-AC ishaja kulula kakhulu futhi izindleko ziphansi. Ekushaja kwe-DC, inqubo yokuguqulwa kusuka ku-AC ku-DC idinga ukuqedwa ngaphakathi kwenqwaba yokushaja, ngakho-ke idinga ukufezekiswa yimodyuli yokushaja. Imodyuli yokushaja ithinta ukuqina kwesifunda, ukusebenza nokuphepha kwenqwaba yonke. Kuyingxenye esemqoka yenqwaba yokushaja ye-DC nengxenye eyodwa yezakhi ezinezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme kakhulu. Abahlinzeki bemodyuli yokushaja bafaka i-Huawei, amandla angenangqondo, i-Sinexcel, njll.
2.1.2. Ukudlula kwesitifiketi esijwayelekile se-Overseas kuyisimo esidingekayo sebhizinisi laphesheya
Izithiyo zokuqiniseka zikhona ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle. I-China, i-Europe, kanye ne-United States bakhiphe amazinga afanele isitifiketi sokushaja izinqwaba, futhi isitifiketi sokudlulisa siyimfuneko yokungena emakethe. Amazinga wokuqinisekisa eChina afaka i-CQC, njll., Kepha alikho indinganiso yesitifiketi esigunyaziwe ngesikhathi. Amazinga okuqinisekisa e-United States afaka i-EL, FCC, inkanyezi yamandla, njll. Amazinga okuqinisekisa e-European Union ikakhulukazi asebeqinisekisiwe, kanti amanye amazwe aseYurophu ahlongoze namazinga okuqinisekiswa kwawo ahlukaniswe. Kukonke, ubunzima bokuqinisekiswa kwamazinga okuqinisekisa yi-United States> I-Europe> China.
2.2. I-DOMED: Ukuqoqwa okuphezulu kokuphela kokusebenza, ukuncintisana okunamandla kukho konke ukuxhumeka kwenqwaba, nokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesikhala
Ukuqoqwa kokuqoshwa kwama-ashaja we-ashaja asekhaya kuphakeme kakhulu, futhi kunezimbangi eziningi kukho konke ukushaja inqwaba yokushaja, futhi ukwakheka kuhlakazekile. Ngokombono wokushaja ama-pile opharetha, i-akhawunti yocingo kanye ne-Xingxing ukushaja imali ecishe ibe ngu-40% yemakethe yenqwaba yomphakathi, kanti i-CR5 = 86.9%, lapho i-Pulk DC PILE Market CR5 = 65.8%. Ukubheka yonke imakethe kusuka phansi kuya phezulu, ama-opharetha ahlukahlukene nawo akha amamodeli ahlukene, anjengezingcingo, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-xiaoju, njll. Kunabakhiqizi abaningi bezinqwaba eziphelele eChina. Ngaphandle kwamamodeli wokuhlanganisa abheke phezulu njengokushaja ngocingo kanye nenkanyezi, lonke isakhiwo senqwaba lihlakazekile.
Inani lezinqwaba zokushaja komphakathi ezweni lami kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele ku-7.6 million ngo-2030. Ukubheka ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezwe omusha wezwe kanye nama-2025E, kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-3525E i-35.7% kanye ne-11.6% ngokulandelana. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingxenye yezinqwaba zomphakathi ukushaja okusheshayo kwezinqwaba zomphakathi nayo iyanda. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2030, 47.4% wezingcingo ezishaja zomphakathi ezizoshaja ngokushesha ama-Piles, ethuthukisa isipiliyoni somsebenzisi.
2.3. I-Europe: Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlayiya zokushaja kuyashesha, futhi ingxenye yezingcingo ezisheshayo zokushaja iyanda
Ukuthatha i-UK njengesibonelo, ukuqunjelwa kwemakethe kokushaja opharetha we-charging kuphansi kunalokho kweChina. Njengomunye wamazwe amasha amakhulu eYurophu, inani lezinto ezishaja umphakathi e-UK zizolandisa ngo-9.9% ngo-2022. Ngokombono weBritish Charging Pile Market, ukugxilwa kwemakethe jikelele kuphansi kunaleyo yemakethe yaseChina. Emakethe yenqwaba yokushaja komphakathi, i-Ubitcicity, i-POD Point, i-BP Pulse, njll. Iba nesabelo semakethe esiphakeme, CR5 = 45.3%. Izinqwaba zomphakathi ezishaja ngokushesha kanye ne-Ultra-master ukushaja phakathi kwazo, i-Instavolt, i-BP SuperCharger, kanye neTesla Supercharger (kufaka phakathi i-Tesla-ekhethekile) ibalwe ngaphezulu kwe-10%, kanye ne-CR5 = 52.7%. On yonke indawo yokukhiqiza inqwaba, abadlali abakhulu bemakethe bafaka i-ABB, i-Nokia, Schneider kanye nezinye iziqhwaga zezimboni emkhakheni we-termiafied, kanye nezinkampani zamandla ezibona ukwakheka kwemboni yenqwaba yokushaja ngokutholwa. Isibonelo, i-BP ithole enye yezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu zokushaja imoto e-UK ngonyaka we-2018. 1.
Ngo-2030, inani lezinqwaba zokushaja umphakathi eYurophu kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele ezigidini ezingama-2.38, futhi ingxenye yezingcingo ezishaja ezisheshayo izoqhubeka nokwanda. Ngokusho kokulinganisa, ngo-2025 no-2030, inani lezinqwaba zokushaja umphakathi eYurophu lizofika ezigidini eziyi-1,2 ngokulandelana, futhi i-CAGRIX ye-2022- 2025E kanye ne-2025E-2030 kanye ne-14.7% ngokulandelana. izobusa, kepha ingxenye yenqwaba yokushaja komphakathi iyanda. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2030, 20.2% wezinqwaba zokushaja komphakathi ezizoshaja ngokushesha ukushaja.
2.4. I-United States: Isikhala semakethe sivumelana nezimo ngokwengeziwe, futhi nemikhiqizo yasendaweni ibusa njengamanje
Ukuhlushwa kwenethiwekhi okushaja e-United States kuphakeme kunalokho eChina naseYurophu, kanye nemikhiqizo yendawo ibusa. Ngokombono wenombolo yokushaja amasayithi wenethiwekhi, ukukhokhisa kuthatha isikhundla esiholayo ngengxenye yama-54.9%, kulandelwe yiTesla nge-10.9% (kufaka phakathi i-blink ne-semachage, okubuye kube nezinkampani zaseMelika. Ngokombono wenombolo yokushaja amachweba e-EVSE EVSE, ukhokhiseni uphakeme kunezinye izinkampani, accounting for 39.3%, alandelwa yiTesla, accounting for CCCE (kufaka phakathi izinkampani zaseMelika.
Ngo-2030, inani lezinqwaba zokushaja umphakathi e-United States kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele ezigidini eziyi-1,38, futhi ingxenye yezingcingo ezishaja ezisheshayo izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Ngokusho kokulinganisa, ngo-2025 no-2030, inani lezinqwaba zokushaja komphakathi e-United States lizofika ngama-2050,000 nezigidi ezingama-202200 Kuyafana nalesi simo eYurophu, ama-Tiles ahamba kancane asasebenzisa iningi, kepha ingxenye yezingcingo ezishaja ezisheshayo izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2030, 27,5% wezinqwaba zokushaja komphakathi zizoshaja ngokushesha izingcingo.
2.5. Ukubalwa Kwendawo Yemakethe
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni okungenhla komkhakha we-Pile we-Public Charging eChina, eYurophu nase-United States, kucatshangwa ukuthi isibalo sezingcingo ezishaja esidlangalaleni zizokhula ngasikhathi sonyaka 2022-2025e, futhi inani lezinqwaba ezintsha zokushaja zingezelwa ngokususa inani lokubamba. Ngokuya ngentengo yeyunithi yomkhiqizo, ama-piels ahamba kancane ahamba kancane athengiswa ngamanani angu-2000-4,000 yuan / asethiwe, futhi amanani aphesheya angama-300-600 amadola / isethi (okungukuthi, ama-2,100-4,300 yuan / isethi). Intengo yenqwaba ye-Facised 120kW ukushaja okusheshayo i-50,000-70,000 yuan / isethi, ngenkathi intengo ye-30,000- 000kkk i-Fastleng Piles ingafinyelela ama-dollar angama-30,000-150,000 Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2025, indawo yemakethe ephelele yokushaja umphakathi eChina, eYurophu nase-United States izofika ku-71.06 billion yun.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkampani ezibalulekile
Izinkampani zaphesheya kwezilwandle embonini ye-charging Pile zifaka phakathi imali, i-EvBox, i-Blink, i-BP, i-ABB, i-ABB, izinkampani ezifuywayo zifaka i-autel, sinexcel,I-COANEPEVSE, TGOOD, Gresgyng, njll. Isibonelo, eminye imikhiqizo ye-Chinenaiseeverse ithole isitifiketi se-Ul, CSA, i-Energy Star esitimekweni e-United States nase-UK, i-Ukca, isitifiketi saphakathi e-European Union. I-Chineseefse ifake uhlu lwe-BP lokukhokhisa abahlinzeki kanye nabakhiqizi.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-10-2023